',]() ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1952 
Soil Conservation Service. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park 
Service, Indian Service, Bureau of Land Management, and Bureau 
of Reclamation, have contributed some money and have also provided 
personnel and vehicles. Although a Large portion of the cost of con- 
trol on public domain has been borne by this Bureau, other interested 
Federal agencies have shown an encouraging trend toward furnishing 
money, equipment, and personnel. 
( 'nni rol efforts involving ranchers, States, and the Federal Govern- 
ment have been very actively supported by all cooperators. Ranchers 
have willingly accepted their financial -hare of each undertaking. 
In widespread Held operations for the control of grasshoppers and 
Mormon crickets, the use of Bureau-owned equipment is rapidly de- 
creasing with a corresponding increase in the use of contracted 
equipment 
Control needs in range land areas exceed expectation 
'Die 1950 fall surveys indicated that grasshopper infestations ex- 
pected in L951 would be lighter than they had been in L950, but that 
control work would be needed in local crop and range areas to avert 
damage and reduce populations. Cold, wet weather in many areas 
during the hatching period caused high nymphal mortality, mate- 
rially reduced the expected need for control, and, likewise, the infesta- 
tion that otherwise would have developed in the spring of 1952. The 
L951 fall surveys showed that with similar weather condition- the L952 
infestation would be considerably lighter than in 1951. In many 
areas, however, early spring weather was warm and dry in L952, in- 
festations developed to their full potential and the amount of control 
in range hind areas materially exceeded expectations. 
Range land infestations in the fall of L951 and spring of 1952 were 
materially heavier in certain area- in Arizona. California, Colorado, 
[daho, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah, hut were lighter in Montana 
and Wyoming. Cropland infestations in the 24 cooperating Western 
Siate- were, in general, the lightest for any year since L943. At the 
end of the fiscal year population build-ups were apparent over wide 
areas in the Western State-, indicating probable need for increased 
coni rol in L953. 
( !ooperal ive com rol of grasshoppers on range land during the fiscal 
year involved the treatment of r>7-_\.~»oo acre- in eight State- L8,300 
acres in Arizona. L0,000 in California, 2,600 in Idaho, 17,600 in 
Momana. 5,600 in Ore-on. t5,200 in I 'tah. 2,600 in Washington, and 
1 10,600 in Wyoming. 
The spray work in Arizona. Idaho. Oregon, and Washington was 
done with Bureau-owned aircraft. Contract plane- were employed 
in California and Wyoming. Both Bureau-owned and contract 
plane- were w-^l in Montana. In addition to aircraft, a Limited 
a moil nt of ground equipment was used to do com rol work in California 
and Utah. 
A I < i i i 1 1 was the insecticide used most widely in grasshopper control 
in hoi h cropland and range land areas. Confidence in its effectiveness 
was further increased l»y its long residual action ami hy its per- 
formance in effecting near eradication of all species of grasshoppers 
against which it was \i<cA. 
The relative proportion of crop acre- -prayed, as compared to acres 
baited, increased st ill furl her in !!>.'> 1 . 
