172 REPORT UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
overlapped by the upper lip. The accessory jaws (maxillae, Fig. 3) are 
divided, as in the grasshopper and other Orthopterous insects, into three 
lobes ; of these the inuer, called the lacinia, is sinuous, narrow, horny, 
and ends in three long teeth; the middle lobe (galea) is a little longer 
than the inner,is membranous, whilcthc third 
division forms a five-jointed palpus, the fifth 
joint the longest and truncated or docked at 
the end. 
Coming now to the under lip, or lithium, 
we find that its base, called the submentum, 
is a little longer than broad ; the sides being 
1 j| slightly upturned, sinuous, and contracted 
.j » near the base, while the front edge is hollowed 
out to receive t lie mentum, which is a square 
piece. From under each corner of the front 
edge arise the labial palpi (Fig. 3) which are 
three-jointed. From the under side of the 
labium (i. e., the front piece or mentum) arises 
the liguhx (these co-originating with the palpi), 
which consists of two lateral, squarish, mem- 
branous outer lobes, and two acutely conical 
inner lobes. The lingua or tongue is situated 
above the ligula, and is a three-angled (tri- 
quetate) organ, partly chitinous, with a high 
median ridge ; it fills the space between the 
J | maxilhe and jaws, and partly closes the 
1 § mouth-opening, which lies directly under the 
labrum or upper lip and between the jaws 
(mandibles.) 
Thorax. — This region is peculiar from the 
fact that the wings are but partially devel- 
oped. As in all insects it consists of three 
segments or rings variously modified, and 
each consisting of a number of pieces. The 
first ring, called the prothorax, is very large 
above, the dorsal part (tergum) forming a 
large shield-like plate, which is bent down at 
the sides to the legs; behind it grows nar- 
rower, and extends along the back so as to 
cover the basal half of the first abdominal segment. The flanks (epister- 
num and epimerum) are small and rudimentary ; the ventral or under 
piece (sternum) forms abroad V-shaped horny or chitinous portion. 
The second segment (meso-thorax) is a ring one-half as long as broad; 
the scutelhim is quite indistinct, and forms a blister-like swelling on the 
top of the segment. The flank pieces {episternum and epimerum) are of 
nearly equal size, being short and deep, and rather shorter and smaller 
