214 REPORT UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
of pale fibres, running singly, and parallel to one another around the 
stomach. Between this layer and the tunica propria there are some in- 
distinct longitudinal fibres that may be muscular; these fibres also ap- 
pear in transverse sections. If my supposition as to their nature is 
correct, then there are two layers of unstriated muscles, the longitudi- 
nal layer being innermost, just as we found with the striated muscles of 
the oesophagus. Most externally are the longitudinal striped muscles, 
which are distributed in single bundles (L, L,) and do not form a con- 
tinuous layer. Each bundle is composed of a number of fibres and pur- 
sues its own course ; the bundles are not parallel, as will be evident upon 
glancing at the Fig. 39 ; sometimes two bundles unite, or one bundle 
connects two others; in spite of these irregularities, however, the trend 
of the muscles is lengthwise of the stomach. Finally, it must be men- 
tioned that numerous tracheal branches penetrate the muscular layers 
and ramify both through them and also through the connective tissue. 
A transverse section (Fig. 3G) through the walls of the stomach exhib- 
its further structural features. The epithelium is composed of cylindri- 
cal cells, with large, finely granular nuclei, in some of which a nucle- 
olus can be distinguished ; the limits of the single cells are not well 
defined. The folbcles are formed by simple involutions of the epithe- 
lium, there being no apparent change in the general character of the 
cells except in their shape, which is not plain enough in sections for me 
to describe it with real accuracy. They are, however, certainly not 
spherical, as affirmed by Sirodot. The epithelium is covered by a cuti- 
cula, ext., which also descends into the folUcles, and is traversed by nu- 
merous pore-canals. I cannot make out any basement membrane, but 
apparently the epithelium rests immediately upon the connective tissue, 
conn. The manner in which this layer extends up between the follicles 
is seen very plainly in transverse section ; it is comparatively thin, as is 
also the circular coat, muc., of unstriated muscles. In the part figured it 
so happens that there are no longitudinal bundles of striated muscle, 
but the tracheae, Tr., appear very distinctly. 
The ventricle of Anabrus differs from that of the locusts, as far as I 
have observed, only in unimportant details. The diameter of the glands 
is somewhat greater, as shown by the size of the " cups " of connect- 
ive tissue (Cf. Figs. 66 and 39) in which they rest. The longitudinal 
muscles form more regular bundles than in the locusts, and fibres cross 
less frequently from one bundle to another. 
Diverticula. — I employ this name for the six esecal pouches, frequently 
called the appendices ventricular es. It has been commonly stated that 
these caeca do not differ in structure from the stomach, a statement which, 
though quite incorrect, is repeated even by so exact an author as Milne- 
Edwards, in his magnificient compilation of Anatomy and Physiology. 303 
Yet, that there is a great difference, had been noted in 1846 by H. Meckel, 304 
303 Milne-Edwards : Lemons sur la Physiologic Tome v., p. 608-609. 
*» Meckel: Mullcr's Arch., 1846, p. 38 ff. 
