21G REPORT UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
I have been able to consult. It is impossible to follow Dufour's account 308 
df the termination of the stomach and the origin of the intestine, for it 
seems to me not only incomplete but also inaccurate. 
I have already referred to these folds, p 209, as the valve which marks 
the termination of the stomach. They are indicated in Fig. 45 as six dark 
spots, round in front, and lying at the anterior end of the ileum, II. , so 
as to form a ring around the interior of the intestine. If this part of 
the digestive tract be opened, spread out, colored," and mounted, it will 
appear as represented in Fig. 40. In front lies the stomach, ven., from 
which the epithelial lining has been removed, and which can therefore 
be readily recognized by the network of connective tissue before de- 
scribed and the isolated, longitudinal, muscular bundles. Behind the 
protuberances comes the ileum, which is traversed by six broad and 
low longitudinal folds, three of which appear in the figure. On the line 
between the ileum and the ventricle lie the strongly pigmented gastro- 
ileal folds. They are twelve in number, and all alike. Their shape is 
best indicated by the figure. They are rounded off' in front, where they 
are broadest and stand up highest ; they narrow down backwards ; the 
pigment disappears, and they gradually fade out into the ileal folds ; 
directly underneath them, and just at the posterior termination of the 
ventricle, there is a strong band of circular striated muscular fibers 
014 mm w id e> 
These folds are found in C.femur-rubrum, C. spretus, and (Edipoda 
sordida, and probably in all grasshoppers. I have made sections of 
them from (Edipoda, Figs. 49, 43, and 44. Fig. 49 shows the general 
arrangement of the folds ; there are twelve of them, all pedunculated 
with broad tops and thick stems. They are covered with an epithelium, 
the cells of which are smaller and for the most part not pigmented be- 
tween the folds, and larger with a great deal of pigment on the folds, as 
also appears in Fig. 45. The muscular coat, muc, is very powerful, and 
of even thickness throughout. Between it and the epithelium there is 
a well-developed tunic of connective tissue. Examined with a higher 
power it is seen, Fig. 44, that the epithelial cells are large, with an oval 
nucleus in the lower half of each cell. The cells in the valleys are not 
so high as on the folds, though the nuclei are not any smaller. The epi- 
thelium is covered by a thin cuticula, which is armed on the surface of 
the folds with minute conical spines, Fig. 44, cu., which are generally, 
but not always, wanting between the folds ; the spines are sharp-pointed 
and inclined backwards. The connective tissue is fibrous, and contains 
a good many small, granular, oval nuclei. The layer of circidar muscles 
is composed of three or four parallel layers of bundles. I think there 
are some few longitudinal fibres between the muscular coat and con- 
nective tunic. 
Betuxning now to the epithelium, we find cells in all stages of pig- 
mentation. The pigment is in fine granules of various sizes; they first 
3»»Dufour, Sur les Orthopt&resj, 1. c, p. 314. 
