298 REPORT UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
most of the valley country in this region, is covered with sage and 
grass. 
Then, after a short canon, the Bear flows out into Cache Valley, the 
"Garden of Utah." This beautiful, fertile valley is about 50 miles in 
length in a north and south direction, by 12 miles in the opposite direc- 
tion. It lies between the Bear River and the Wasatch Ranges, and 
has an area of about <;<>(> square miles. 
The Bear flows half-way down this valley, then, turning west, it cuts 
its way through a low ridge, which here represents the Wasatch Range, 
and thence flows off southward to Great Salt Lake. 
The surface of the valley slopes gently inwards from the base of 
mountains or hills which limit it. Near the river, and extending for 
two or three miles on each side of it, is line meadow land, sufficiently 
moist to admit of cultivation without artificial irrigation. The natural 
productions of this part of the valley are coarse marsh grasses, while 
the drier parts of the valley are covered with bunch grass, with a due 
admixture of sage; though it must be said that in this ease there is 
much less than the ordinary proportion of this latter staple. The whole 
valley, with the lower slopes of the mountains and hills surrounding it, 
can easily be burned over. 
Cache Valley is well settled. The population, which in 1870 amounted 
to 8,229, are nearly all of the Mormon persuasion, and are almost ex- 
clusively engaged in agricultural pursuits. A very considerable part of 
the arable area of the valley is now under cultivation. The cultivated 
areas extend in strips from the base of the mountains down nearly or 
quite to the river, and are irrigated mainly from the large lateral 
branches of the Bear. 
The Wasatch Range forms the eastern wall of the Salt Lake Valley. 
This range, which in its middle and southern part is broad and very 
complicated, in its northern part, i. e., north of the gap of the Weber 
River, is very much narrowed, being reduced to a single ridge: and 
just south of the Gates of the Bear it practically disappears, being rep- 
resented at the Gates only by a low ridge. Farther north this ridge 
develops suddenly into a high range, known as the Malade Range, 
which forms a part of the western wall of Cache Valley. West of it 
lies the valley of the Malade River, stretching southward to the north- 
ern shore of the Great Salt Lake- This valley is somewhat more arid 
than that east of it, but yet supports a very good growth for pasturage. 
Meadow land is found in considerable amount near the streams in the 
northern part of the valley and along the shores of Great Salt Lake. 
As in Cache Valley, these are covered with coarse marsh grasses. The 
whole valley is burnable. 
The hills west of Malade Valley, the Blue Spring HUls, are almost 
entirely devoid of timber, and are covered with excellent grass, with 
a slight admixture of sage. They can easily be burned over. Such is 
also the case with the valley next west, known as the Blue Spring Val- 
