APPENDIX I. NEBRASKA DATA, 1877. 
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knowledge of their extent. They were going with alight wind from the south, mov- 
ing northward varying slightly to the westward ; weather moderately warm and 
nearly clear ; were passing or noticed from 9 a. m. to 3 p. in. 
The large swarms have never stopped long in this section, there being no fanning 
done here. They do not appear to do much harm to the grass. 
W. P. P. ST. CLAIR. 
Albion, Boone County, May 17, 1877. 
We have been visited by the flying locusts four out of the five last years, yet in one 
of the four years very little damage was done to crops. In 1874 they 7 were flying in a 
southerly direction, commencing their ravages here about the middle of July ; corn 
crop entirely destroyed, and small grain about half. The following fall Southeastern 
Nebraska., Southwestern Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas were literally tilled with eggs. 
The next year (1875) they were flying in the opposite direction, towards the north. 
In 1876 it was again reversed, and they returned south, entirely destroying the corn 
crop, but were too late to do much harm to other grain; gardens, however, were de- 
stroyed. Commenced flying about the middle of August. 
My observations of their movements and habits in the year I have named have led 
me to the following conclusions : 
First. That they fly north and south (or nearly in that direction) in alternate years 
over this section of country. 
Secondly 7 . That there is no particular time of day in which they alight or rise, de- 
pending entirely and absolutely on the course of the wiud, either favorable or unfa- 
vorable for the course in which they are moving. I have seen fields literally covered 
with them in almost all kinds of weather, clear, cloudy, and rainy. 
I have seen them flying very thick just before a heavy shower and immediately after 
it, and yet did not come down, which has suggested the idea that they may rise above 
the rain during that time. If not, they certainly must fly through it. 
Again, during the season of their migration, either north or south, the wind blows 
from the south, or say from between the points, southeast and southwest. 
In 1874 and 1876 they were moving from north to south (and only move with favor- 
hie winds), destroying our crops each year, in consequence of the almost continual 
south wind detaining them sometimes a week at a time. 
In 1875 they were fully as numerous, and commenced their ravages fully as often as 
in cither i>t' tlie other years I have mentioned, yet the wind being favorable nearly all 
the time for flight in the direction they were pursuing, their stay was very short at 
all times during the season. 
Ihave never known them to alight while a favorable wind was blowing, neither 
have I ever known them to remain an hour after a favorable wind commenced blowing. 
I do not wish to be understood to mean thatthey are confined to a particular or exact 
point of compass, but that, when they are going south, it may range from southeast 
to southwest. 
LORAN CLARK. 
Plattsmoutii, Cass County, June7, 1877. 
Question 1. July 2, 1867. — General southerly to northerly direction on gentle breeze 
(Signal-Office nomenclature of winds) from south. First noticed about 9 a. m., con- 
tinued on the 3d in a heavy body, as also on the 4th till 3 p. in., when a heavy rain of 
1.60 inches in 1| hours obscured ( .') them. A very few were found oil the ground after 
the storm, but not .0001 of what were seen before the clouds obscured them. What 
became of them ? Frequent observations since have shown that when flying with a 
wind which brings a storm they simply disappear from view as the clouds obscure the 
sky. But if a wind reverse to their course meets them they come down in large num- 
bers. The 2d, 3d, and 4th, up to 3 p. in., were nearly or quite clear, and wind con- 
tinued southerly. 
'Atujiixt 8, in, ; ln d 11, 1868. — Each day much the same, calm and but few clouds in 
the forenoon, and immense swarms passing from south to north, but each day from 1 
to 3 p. m. a northwesterly to northerly wiud from strong to fresh brought them down 
like a hail-storm. 
Many memorandums were made of flights and arrivals from 1868 to 1875, too lengthy 
to copy, but all to this general effect. They were invisible when passing overhead 
till near 9 o'clock a. m., or in the afternoon much after 3 p. m. They must be nearly 
in a line with the sun to be visible, and the sun falling below this angle of some 45°, 
leaving untold myriads of them in the*air. Yet I never knew them to come down 
after that time, unless driven down by an opposing wiud. Again, iu June, 1875, from 
the 13th to the 24th, on every day, if the sun shone out, they were passing over, but 
noue wero seen descending at night. The locusts rarely move much in the morning, 
till the sun warms up the air as also the locust, and I havo no record or recollection 
of their rising til! from 9 a. m. to 11. a. m., yet the mass above would be seen by or 
