8 BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY [S. R. A. 
The United States of America and His Majesty the King of the United 
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond 
the Seas. Emperor of India, being desirous of saving from indiscriminate 
slaughter and of insuring the preservation of such migratory birds as are 
either useful to man or harmless, have resolved to adopt some uniform system 
of protection which shall effectively accomplish such objects and to the end 
of concluding a convention for this purpose have appointed as their respective 
plenipotentiaries : 
The President of the United States of America, Robert Lansing, Secretary 
of State of the United States ; and 
His Britannic Majesty, the Right Hon. Sir Cecil Arthur Spring Rice, G. C. 
V. O., K. C. M. G., etc., His Majesty's ambassador extraordinary and pleni- 
potentiary at Washington ; 
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, 
which were found to be in due and proper form, have agreed to and adopted 
the following articles : 
Article I 
The high contracting powers declare that the migratory birds included in the 
terms of this convention shall be as follows : 
1. Migratory game birds : 
(a) Anatidae or waterfowl, including brant, wild ducks, geese, and swans, 
(ft) Gruidae or cranes, including little brown, sandhill, and whooping cranes. 
(c) Rallidae or rails, including coots, gallinules and sora and other rails. 
(d) Limicolae or shorebirds, including avocets, curlew, dowitchers, godwits, 
knots, oyster catchers, phalaropes, plovers, sandpipers, snipe, stilts, surf birds, 
turnstones, willet, woodcock, and yellowlegs. 
(c) Columbidae or pigeons, including doves and wild pigeons. 
2. Migratory insectivorous birds : Bobolinks, catbirds, chickadees, cuckoos, 
flickers, flycatchers, grosbeaks, humming birds, kinglets, martins, meadowlarks, 
nighthawks or bull-bats, nut-hatches, orioles, robins, shrikes, swallows, swifts, 
tanagers, titmice, thrushes, vireos, warblers, wax-wings, whippoorwills, wood- 
peckers, and wrens, and all other perching birds which feed entirely or chiefly 
on insects. 
3. Other migratory nongame birds : Auks, auklets, bitterns, fulmars, gannets, 
grebes, guillemots, gulls, herons, jaegers, loons, murres, petrels, puffins, shear- 
waters, and terns. 
Article II 
The high contracting powers agree that, as an effective means of preserving 
migratory birds, there shall be established the following close seasons during 
which no hunting shall be done except for scientific or propagating purposes 
under permits issued by proper authorities. 
1. The close season on migratory game birds shall be between March 10 and 
September 1, except that the close season on the Limicolae or shorebirds in the 
Maritime Provinces of Canada and in those States of the United States border- 
ing on the Atlantic Ocean which are situated wholly or in part north of Chesa- 
peake Bay shall be between February 1 and August 15, and that Indians may 
take at any time scoters for food but not for sale. The season for hunting 
shall be further restricted to such period not exceeding three and one-half 
months as the high contracting powers may severally deem appropriate and 
define by law or regulation. 
2. The close season on migratory insectivorous birds shall continue through- 
out i lie year. 
?>. The close season on other migratory nongame birds shall continue through- 
out the year, except that Eskimos and Indians may take at any season auks, 
auklets. guillemots, murres. and puffins, and their eggs, for food and their 
skins for clothing, but the birds and eggs so taken shall not be sold or offered 
for sale. 
Article III 
The high contracting powers agree that during the period of TO years next 
following the going into effort of this convention there shall be a continuous 
close season on the following migratory game birds, to wit: 
Band-tailed pigeons, little bi-own. sandhill, and whooping cranes, swans, cur- 
lew, and al! shorebirds (except the black-breasted and golden plover. Wilson or 
