IS ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1953 
ry control was obtained over rather wide areas. This mate- 
rial will be used in large-scale experiments against bollworms in 1953. 
DDT applied in a dost or spray at the rate of 0.75 to 1.5 pounds per 
gave satisfactory bollwonn control. Toxaphene dust applied at 
the rate of 2 to 3 pound- of t lie active ingredient per acre gave satis- 
factory control in most - 8. When used in a spray, however, it was 
necessary to add from 0.5 to 1 pound of DDT per acre for satisfactory 
results. 
Extra Spray Required To Control Migrating Cotton Fleahoppers 
Infestations of the cotton fleahopper were generally higher in Texas 
and Oklahoma during 1952 than in the two pn _ This 
•iselosed by cotton-insect surveys, during which more than 10.000 
fields in Texas and 1.300 in Oklahoma were inspected for fleahoppers. 
These pests emerged largely from horsemint and croton during April 
and May. and moved into cotton in injurious numbers after early sea- 
son treatments had been applied. In many areas this necessitated an 
additional application of insecticide specifically for the cotton llea- 
hopper. One application of toxaphene at 0.75 pound per acre during 
June gave £ood fleahopper control in most fields. 
Good initial kill of the cotton fleahopper was obtained in large- 
scale experiments with the following materials and per-acre dosages: 
Toxaphene u.75 pound: dieldrin 0.1 pound: aldrin 0.125 pound: hep- 
tachlor 0.125 pound: endrin 0.1 pound: isodrin 0.1 pound: BHC at 
0.15 pound of the gamma isomer plus DDT 0.25 pound: EPN 0.125 
pound : and Metacide 0.16 pound. Results observed G. 10, and 13 days 
after treatment indicate that the best residual control was obtained 
with toxaphene, dieldrin, and endrin. BHC plus DDT gave fair 
residual control. Residual control from the other materials was poor. 
Such carryover action is quite important in areas where the cotton 
fleahopper may require attention in mid-season. At that time one 
light application of an insecticide that will control the insect is prefer- 
able in order that the beneficial insect population may be disturbed as 
little as possible. 
Insect Problems in Irrigated Cotton Areas 
Many new cotton insect problems have developed during recent 
ill irrigated areas of the Southwest Several kinds of stink bugs, 
stainers, and other native plant bugs that ordinarily feed on weeds 
and cultivated plants have become serious pests of cotton. Among 
the >ay stink bug, the eonchuela. the brown stink bug, lygus 
bton fleahopper, and the Arizona cotton stainer. Recent 
shown that the shedding of many squares and bolls 
quality of irrigated cotton, formerly attributed to physi- 
.1 and plant, are caused by these insects, 
Early spring surveys for plant bug- were made in Arizona in co- 
operation with the Ariz- ._ [cultural Experiment Station on both 
wild and cultivated host plants. These showed that plant bugs, espe- 
cially lyg • ere much more abundant than in the preceding 
I dally true in the Salt River Valley, Both lygus 
avaded the irrigated cotton iields in rather large liiim- 
