DAIRYING IN PORTO RICO. I 
United States that had completed yearly records for advanced 
registry to June 5, 1919, is 9,621 pounds of milk testing 3.96 per cent. 
The fat content of the milk ranges from 3.5 to 4 per cent. The fat 
is in uniformly small globules, and does not separate freely from 
the milk. For this reason the milk will not churn in shipment. 
While not a first-class butter cow, the Ayrshire is considered a fair 
yielder of milk which is safely above legal standards and admirably 
suited for city and town supply. 
HOLSTEINS. 
The Holstein, or more properly the Holstein-Friesian, has been 
bred for centuries in the northern part of Holland, where the climate 
is cool. There the cattle are most tenderly sheltered, fed, and 
groomed. In the spring they are placed in the fields as soon as the 
grass has grown sufficiently for grazing, and in the summer they are 
protected from the sun by canvas covers. On account of the very 
favorable climatic conditions and careful treatment under which 
they have been reared in Holland, the Holsteins are not likely to 
adapt themselves to the tropical conditions of Porto Rico as readily 
as are some of the other breeds. They should, therefore, be im- 
ported with great care and not be turned out to rustle on scanty 
pasturage. They should be sheltered from the sun and fed a plenti- 
ful supply of succulent grasses. 
The Holstein is the largest of the dairy breeds, and has a large, 
strong frame and an abundance of flesh. In color the cattle are 
black and white. At maturity the cows weigh about 1,400 pounds 
and yield milk in proportion to their size. The average of 4,974 
cows in the United States that had completed a yearly record for 
the advanced register to April 30. 1919, is 14,783 pounds milk testing 
3.42 per cent. The milk has little color and its fat content is low, 
from 3 to 4 per cent. There are some Holstein families, however, 
which yield milk of more than average richness. 
SELECTING THE BREED. 
Dairy breeds are all alike in so far as general tendencies are con- 
cerned, but they differ and some excel others in certain special 
features. The stock farmer should, therefore, take particular pains 
to select a breed of cattle that will yield him the greatest profit and 
be well suited to local conditions. Personal preference, however, 
should also be considered, because a breeder can do the best work 
with the breed of cattle that he fancies most. 
Cows giving milk having a deep-yellow color, thought to be an 
indication of richness, are sometimes preferred to others whose milk 
is white or opalescent, but the yellowish tinge may be derived from 
