BUREAU OF PLANT QUARANTINE 15 
end of April there were in operation 7 posts in Virginia, 2 posts on the Maryland- 
West Virginia State line, 1 post in West Virginia, and 7 posts on the Pennsylvania- 
West Virginia and Pennsylvania-Ohio State lines. On the border of the regulated 
zone in northwestern Pennsylvania there were 3 established posts operated by 
1 inspector each, with 2 additional inspectors supplied with cars guarding 8 
other exit highways in that section. 
Fumigated soil was kept on hand at all road posts. This permitted the re- 
moval of soil from uncertified stock, the replacement of the possibly infested soil 
with treated soil, and the certification of the plant material at the post. Conse- 
quently, the private motorist transporting a few plants was not obliged to sur- 
render his uncertified material or return it to a designated inspection center for 
certification. This procedure reduced to a minimum the quantities of quaran- 
tined products surrendered at the road posts. Statistics covering the fiscal year's 
operation of the road patrol showed that 2,768,060 vehicles stopped at the posts. 
Of these, 18,959 were found to be carrying uncertified quarantined material. In 
the course of the examination of soil removed from articles inspected at the road 
stations, 112 Japanese beetle larvae were collected. 
SURVEY OF DAMAGE IN HEAVILY INFESTED SECTIONS 
The canvassing of farmers, estate owners, city residents, and superintendents 
of golf courses, parks, and cemeteries was undertaken in 1933 to determine expen- 
ditures for control of the Japanese beetle and actual losses from crop destruction 
by the insect. Two men were assigned to this work during July and August. 
Supplemental survey work was performed by regular New Jersey and Pennsyl- 
vania personnel as their seasonal inspection duties permitted. The survey was 
designed to procure signed statements from individuals showing definite and ac- 
curate losses and control costs. Interviews and correspondence were confined 
to individuals in the area of continuous Japanese beetle damage. Conditions 
representative of the degree of injury to be found rather generally throughout 
the entire zone of continuous damage were selected. Information concerning 
extreme localized injury by the insect was discarded. Indefinite or questionable 
data were also omitted from the final tabulations. Twenty-nine golf clubs re- 
ported average annual expenditures of $618 per course for the control of Japanese 
beetle grubs. These courses reported total expenditures for this purpose of 
$60,000 over a period of years. The yearly total cost of trapping, spraying, and 
sod treatment on 19 private estates averaged $513 per estate. Average annual 
expenditures of $225 per unit were reported by superintendents of 11 cemeteries, 
parks, and community-spraying organizations. In the city-block canvass, inquir- 
ies were made of all residents in 4 blocks each in Philadelphia and Trenton, 2 
blocks in Princeton, N. J., and 1 block in Lawrenceville, N. J. These blocks were 
selected at random. Expenditures by individual property owners in these blocks 
averaged $2.50 per year. Annual expenditures per block were $62.80. Nineteen 
growers, whose field corn plantings totaled 511 acres, submitted statements show- 
ing that their corn crop was injured from 3.5 to 80 percent. Their cash losses 
totaled $2,540, or an average of approximately $5 per acre. Thirteen sweet corn 
growers with 195 acres of this crop reported crop losses through beetle injury 
averaging 35 percent. The average loss per acre was approximately $17.50. 
Commercial orchardists whose holdings include 37,000 bearing apple trees re- 
el an average fruit injury of 43 percent on 6,300 apple trees of the varieties 
susceptible to beetle injury. Crop loss from this injury amounted to $12 200. 
Eleven of the 13 reporting orchardists applied sprays specificallv for Japanese 
heel le control at a total cost of $700. The average apple injury per acre was $123. 
The average control cost per acre was $7.15. Commercial peach orchards cov- 
ered in the survey include 10,600 trees of the varieties particularly subject to 
Japanese beetle injury. The normal yield of these varieties was reduced 27 per- 
cent, resulting in loss of sale of 9,100 bushels valued at $12,500. Ten of the 18 
orchardists attempted spray control at a total cost of $712. This was an average 
injury per acre of $154, plus an average per-acre expenditure for control of - 
The survey also extended to 28 farms, comprising 3,480 acres. The total crop 
damage on these farms amounted to $6,130, or an average of $211) per farm. 
This was an average per-acre loss of $1.76. The canvass also included cost of 
control and crop losses by growers of grapes, raspberries, strawberries, blue- 
berries, and greenhouse grow n roses. As :i result of fche canvass, there is now 
available an abundance of reliable evidence concerning the extent of Japanese 
beetle injury to various crops, together with accurate costs of piotecting sus- 
ceptible plants from adult and larval attack. 
