BUREAU OF PLANT QUARANTINE 35 
still under test, and until their reactions are more fully known, their transportation 
into the barberry-eradication area is not being authorized. 
In enforcing the quarantine, the Department sends a specialist to go over the 
premises of applicants to be sure that the kinds of barberries grown are limited to 
the resistant types. If susceptible plants are found, a permit is refused, while if 
no barberries except the resistant kinds are grown, a general permit is issued, and 
the nurseryman is supplied with shipping tags which authorize the transportation 
of the resistant barberry and mahonia plants to the protected States. 
During the shipping season of 1933-34, 23 nurserymen held permits for the ship- 
ment of resistant species. Nine of these nurseries were located in Ohio, and the 
others in Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, New Jersey, Pennsyl- 
vania, Virginia, and Washington. 
In finding and destroying the barberries that have been planted or are growing 
in the woods and fields in the protected States, these States are cooperating with 
the Bureau of Entomology of this Department. According to that Bureau, 441,902 
barberry bushes, seedlings, and sprouts were destroyed in these 13 States during the 
calendar year 1933, a total of 19,107,305 having been destroyed since the campaign 
was started in the spring of 1918. The States in which this work is being carried 
on are Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, 
Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. 
During the fiscal year 28 violations of the barberry quarantine regulations were 
intercepted by transit inspectors and returned to the sender. 
PREVENTION OF SPREAD OF PHONY PEACH DISEASE 
Following the revocation of the Federal phony peach disease quarantine, 
effective March 1, 1933, the responsibility for the control of the movement of 
those classes of nursery stock known to be susceptible to the phony peach disease 
reverted to the States. As was announced in the last annual report, the Depart- 
ment has since been cooperating with the States in increasing the efficiency of 
the inspection of peach-growing nurseries and their environs by directly aiding 
in such surveys and in assisting the States in the development and adoption of 
improved culling practices to eliminate all borer-infested and borer-injured 
stock. 
Conferences of State plant quarantine officers were held in the spring of 1933 
to decide on the most desirable type of State regulations to be put into effect after 
the Federal quarantine was revoked. As a result of these conferences, regulations 
relating to the prevention of the spread of the phony peach disease have been 
issued by the States of Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana, 
Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. Most of them 
provide that peach stock be accepted for shipment or sale either (1) if the environs 
of the nursery are free from the phony peach disease for a distance of 1 mile, or 
(2) if the peach nursery stock is inspected tree by tree at digging time by State 
or Federal inspectors and all trees found infested by the peach borer are culled 
out and destroyed. 
Since preliminary evidence obtained by the Bureau of Plant Industry indicates 
thai the peach borer is probably the carrier of phony peach disease from diseased 
to healthy trees, consideration was at first given to the possibility of culling out 
all peach nursery stock in the infected States to eliminate all borer-infested and 
borer-injured trees. It was found, however, that most of the nurseries concerned 
Usually din; their stock at irregular periods during the fall and winter months, and 
do Q01 have large quantities available for inspection at any one time. This 
situation would make it physically impossible, with the limited Dumber of 
inspectors available, to inspect tree by tree all peach-rooted nursery stock grown 
throughout the entire phony peach infected area. It was found much more 
economical and efficient to inspect, during the growing period, the environs of 
peach plantings for a radius of 1 mile, and then to release the stock growing in 
those nurseries within 1 mile of which no phony peach disease was found. This 
environs inspection also has a definite value from the standpoint both of finding 
the areas in various States which the phony peach disease has reached and in 
accomplishing the local eradication of the disease around nurseries, and thus 
furthering the general project of its ultimate complete extermination. 
During the summer of 1933 the Bureau of Plant Quarantine, at the request 
of the State officers concerned, cooperated in making inspections for the phony 
peach disease around the peach-growing nurseries of Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, 
Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas 
As will be seen from table 13, the work involved covering the environs oi the 
peach plantings of 139 nurseries growing an estimated total o( 3,944,994! | 
