372 
SPICES 
CHAP. 
recorded, however, that in 1906 chilies to the value of 
£19,000 were exported, but the next export in 1908 was 
of the value of £485 only. 
Sierra Leone pepper resembles that of Zanzibar in 
its pungency, but is yellowish red when dried, that of 
Zanzibar being dull dark red. Natal red pepper imported 
into Europe in the form of dried pods (a variety of 
Capsicum annuum) is dark red and very pungent, and 
till recently supplied all the bright red cayenne pepper 
in commerce (Holmes’ Pharmaceutical Journal). 
There are no accessible records as to the amount of 
chilies or capsicums exported from Sierra Leone or Natal, 
but it is recorded [Blue Book of Sierra Leone, 1871, 
Fliickiger and Hanbury) that in 1871, 7,258 lbs. were 
exported from Sierra Leone, and from Natal [Blue Book 
for 1871) 9,072 lbs. 
Turkey. — An article from the Journal de la 
Chamhre de Commerce de Constantinople, quoted in 
All about Spices, says that the cultivation of red pepper 
occupied a very important place among the several 
branches of cultivation practised in Turkey in the 
Vilayet of Salonica. The plant there prefers a humid 
sandy soil, where it grows sometimes almost in 
water. It produces 340*80 lbs. to 1,136 lbs. per dennum 
(of 40 square paces), and gives a profit of 300 to 350 
piastres per dennum. The greater part is exported to 
Europe, about one- fourth being used in Turkey. 
Japan supplies a large number of chilies, chiefly 
those of Capsicum minimum, of a peculiar bright colour, 
which has of late years commanded a higher price than 
any other variety, but is less pungent than that of 
Zanzibar. When powdered it is indistinguishable from 
Natal cayenne pepper, obtained from Capsicum annuum 
(Holmes, Pharmaceutical Journal, 1897, December 11, 
p. 519). 
CULTIVATION IN CALIFORNIA 
Mr. J. B. Neff gives in the “ California Cultivator ” 
[Planting Opinion, August 26, 1900, p. 602) an 
