GRAFTING. 
11 
culture, is as the following; Apples, on apple or crab seedlings 
for orchards (standards,) or on Paradise apple stocks, for, dwarfs ; 
Pears, on pear seedlings for common culture, or Quince stocks 
for dwarfs, and sometimes on the thorn for clayey soils ; Peaches, 
on their own seedlings for standards or for orchards; on Almonds, 
for hot and dry climates ; on Plums in cold or moist soils, or to 
secure them against the worm ; Apricots, on Plum stocks, to 
render them hardy and productive, or on their own seedlings to 
render them long-lived. Nectarines are usually worked on the 
Peach or Plum; and Cherries on mazzard seedlings; or some- 
times on the perfumed Cherry for dwarfs. 
The manual operation of grafting is performed in 
a very easy and complete manner when the size of 
the stock, or branch to be grafted, corresponds pre- 
cisely with that of the scion. In this case, which is 
called splice grafting , it is only necessary with a 
smooth sloping cut, upwards on the stock n, and 
downwards on the scion 6, Fig. 2, to make the two 
fit precisely, so that the inner bark of one corresponds 
exactly with that of the other, to bind them firmly 
together with a strand of matting, and tq cover the 
wound entirely with grafting clay or wax, and the 
whole is finished. In this, which is one of the 
neatest modes, the whole forms a complete union 
nearly at once; leaving scarcely any wounded 
part to heal over. But, as it is only rarely that the 
stock is of so small a size as to fit thus perfectly to 
the scion, the operation must be varied somewhat, 
and requires more skill. The method in most com- 
mon use to cover all difficulties, is called tongue 
Splice grafting, grafting. 
We may remark here that grafting the shoots 
of Peaches, Nectarines and Apricots, owing to 
their large pith, is more difficult than that of 
other fruit-trees. A variation of splice-grafting, 
Fig. 3, has been invented to obviate this. This 
consists in selecting the scion a, so as to leave at 
its lower end about a fourth of an inch of two 
years old wood which is much firmer. The 
bottom of the slope on the stock is cut with a 
dove-tail notch b , into which the scion is 
fitted. 
Tongue grafting , (or whip-grafting,) Fig. 4, 
resembles very nearly splice-grafting, except, 
instead of the simple splice, a tongue is made 
to hold the two together more firmly. In order 
to understand this method let us explain it a lit- grafting the peach 
tie in detail. 
Fig. 2. 
Fig. 3. Splice 
