60 
TIIE APPLE. 
As regards site, apple orchards flourish best, in southern and 
middle portions of the country, on north slopes, and often even 
on the steep north sides of hills, where the climate is hot and dry. 
Farther north a southern or southeastern aspect is preferable, 
to ripen the crop and the wood more perfectly. 
We may here remark that almost every district of the country 
has one or more varieties which, having had its origin there, 
tseems also peculiarly adapted to the soil and climate of that 
ocality. Thus the Newtown pip'pin, and the Spitzenburgh are 
ihe great apples of New -York; the Baldwin, and the Roxbury 
Russett, of Massachusetts; the Bellflower and the Rambo, of 
Pennsylvania and New-Jersey; and the Peck’s Pleasant and the 
Seek-no-further, of Connecticut; and though these apples are 
cultivated with greater or less success in other parts of the 
country, yet nowhere is their flavour and productiveness so 
perfect as in the best soils of their native districts — excepting in 
such other districts where a soil containing the same elements and 
a corresponding climate are also to be found. 
Planting^ and cultivation of orchards. With the excep- 
tion of a few early and very choice sorts in the fruit garden, the 
orchard is the place for this tree, and indeed, when we consider 
ihe great value and usefulness of apples to the farmer, it is easy 
\o see that no farm is complete without a large and well selected 
i pple orchard. 
The distance at which the trees should be planted in an 01 • 
chard, depends upon the mode in which they are to be treated. 
When it is desired finally to cover and devote the wdiole ground 
to the trees, thirty feet apart is the proper interval, but where the 
farmer wishes to keep the land between the trees in grain and 
grass, fifty feet is not too great a distance in strong soils. Forty 
feet apart, however, is the usual distance at which the trees are 
planted in orchards. 
Before transplanting, the ground should be well prepared for 
the trees, as we have insisted in a previous page, and vigo- 
rous healthy young trees should be selected from the nurseries. 
As there is a great difference in the natural growth, shape, and 
size of the various sorts of apple trees, those of the same kinds 
should be planted in the rows together, or near each other; this 
aided by marl or meadow mud, will be found capable of producing very fine 
apple trees. Good cultivation, and a system of high manuring, will always re- 
munerate the proprietor of an orchard, except it be planted on a quicksand 
or a cold clay ; in such soils, no management can prevent an early decay. 
One of the most thrifty orchards I possess, was planted on a blowing sand, 
on which I carted three thousand loads of mud on ten acres, at an expense 
of about twenty-five dollars per acre, exclusive of much other manure ; on 
this land I have raised good wheat and clover. Of five rows of the Wine- 
sap apple planted upon it eight years ago, on the summit of a sandy knoll, 
not one has died out of near an hundred trees — all abundant bearers of 
large and fair apples. — View of Fruit Trees, p, 31. 
