THE CHERRY. 
245 
coloured bark, and generally of rapid growth. The varieties of 
the black and heart-shaped cherries are always vigorous, and 
form fine large spreading heads, forty or fifty feet in height ; 
but those of the acid or red cherry are of lower, more bushy 
and tardy growth. In the spring the cherry tree is profusely 
covered with clusters of snow-white blossoms, and earlier in 
summer than upon any other tree, these are followed by abun- 
dant crops of juicy, sweet, or acid fruit hanging upon long 
stalks, and enclosing a smooth stone. 
The cherry comes originally from Asia, and the Roman gene- 
ral, Lucullus, after a victorious expedition into Pontus, has the 
reputation of having brought it to Italy, from Cerasus , a town 
m that province, in the year 69, B. C. According to Pliny, the 
Romans, 100 years after this, had eight varieties in cultivation, 
and they were soon afterwards carried to all parts of Europe. 
The seeds of the cultivated cherry were brought to this 
country very early after its settlement, both from England and 
Holland. 
Uses. As a pleasant and refreshing dessert fruit, the cherry 
is everywhere highly esteemed. The early season at which it 
ripens, its juiciness, delicacy and richness, render it always 
acceptable. While the large and fleshy varieties are exceed- 
ingly sweet and luscious, others which are more tender, and 
more or less acid, are very valuable for pies, tarts, and various 
kinds of cookery. The fruit of the Kentish or Early Richmond 
is excellent when stoned and dried, and the Mazzard, and our 
wild Virginia cherries, are used to give a flavour to brandy. 
The celebrated German Kirschwasser is made by distilling 
the liquor of the common black mazzard or gean, (in which the 
stones are ground and broken, and fermented with the pulp,) 
and the delicious Ratafia cordial of Grenoble, is also made from 
this fruit. Maraschino, the most celebrated liqueur of Italy, is 
distilled from a small gean or mazzard, with which, in fer- 
menting, honey, and the leaves and kernels of the fruit are 
mixed. 
The gum of the cherry is nearly identical with gum arabic, 
and there are some marvellous stories told of its nutritive pro- 
perties. The wood of the cherry is hard and durable, and is 
therefore valuable for many purposes, but the best wood is 
afforded by our common wild or Virginia cherry, which is a very 
good substitute for mahogany, taking a fine polish. 
The larger growing sorts of black cherry are the finest of all 
fruit trees for shade, and are, therefore, generally chosen by 
farmers, who are always desirous of combining the useful and 
the ornamental. Indeed, the cherry, from its symmetrical form, 
its rapid growth, its fine shade, and beautiful blossoms, is ex- 
ceedingly well suited for a roadside tree in agricultural districts. 
We wish we could induce the planting of avenues of this and 
