THE GRAPE. 
303 
The renewal system of training consists 
in annually providing a fresh supply of 
young branches from which the bearing 
shoots are produced, cutting out all the 
branches that have borne the previous 
year. Fig. 91 represents a bearing vine 
treated in this manner, as it would appear 
in the spring of the year, after having been 
pruned. In this figure, a, represents the 
two branches of last year’s growth trained 91 * Renewal Train - 
up for bearing the present year; 6, the mg ' 
places occupied by the last year’s wood, which, having borne, 
has been cut down to within an inch of the main arm, c. The 
present year, therefore, the two branches, a, will throw out side 
shoots, and bear a good crop, while the young branches will be 
trained up in the places of 6, to bear the next year when a are 
in like manner cut down. 
This renewal training will usually produce fair fruit, chiefly, 
as it appears to us, because the ascent and circulation of the sap 
being mainly carried on through young wood, is vigorous, and 
the plant is healthful and able to resist the mildew, while, on the 
contrary, the circulation of the sap is more feeble and tardy, 
through the more compact and rigid sap vessels of a vine full of 
old wood.* 
The above mode of training is very easily understood, but 
we may add here for the benefit of the novice; 1st, that vines, 
in order that they may bear regularly and well, should always 
be kept within small bounds ; 2d, that they should always be 
trained to a wall, building, or upright trellis ;f and, 3d, that the 
leaves should never be pulled off to promote the ripening of the 
fruit. The ends of the bearing shoots may be stopped , (pinched 
off,) when the fruit is nearly half grown, and this is usually all 
the summer pruning, that under our bright sun the grape vine 
properly treated requires. 
Following out this hint, that here, the vine only bears well 
when it is young, or composed mainly of young wood, an intel- 
ligent cultivator near us secures every year abundant crops of 
the Ohasselas, by a system of renewal by layers. Every year, 
from his bearing vines, he lays down two or more long and clean 
shoots of the previous year’s growth. These root freely, are 
allowed to make another season’s growth, and then are made to 
take the place of the old plants, which are taken out ; and by 
this continual system o c providing young plants by layers, he al- 
ways succeeds in obtaining from the same piece of ground fair 
and excellent grapes. 
* See Eoare on the Grape Vine. 
\ And never on an arbour, except for ,the purposes of shada 
