056 
THE RASPBERRY AND BLACKBERRY. 
is rich, and deep, provided it is fully exposed to the sun and 
air. 
In making a plantation of raspberries, choose, therefore, an 
open sunny quarter of the garden, where the soil is good and 
deep. Plant the suckers or canes in rows, from three to four 
feet apart, according to the vigour of the sort. Two or three 
suckers are generally planted together, to form a group or stool , 
and these stools may be three feet apart in the rows. 
The plantation being made, its treatment consists chiefly in 
a single pruning, every year, given early in the spring. To 
perform this, examine the stools in April, and leaving the 
strongest shoots or suckers, say about six or eight to each stool, 
cut away all the old wood, and all the other suckers (except 
such as are wanted for new plantations). The remaining shoots 
should have about a foot of their ends cut off, as this part of 
the wood is feeble and worthless. With a light top-dressing of 
manure, the ground should then be dug over, and little other 
care will be requisite during the season. 
When very neat culture and the largest fruit are desired, 
more space is left between the rows, and after being pruned, 
the canes are tied to long lines of rods or rails, like an espalier, 
by which means they are more fully exposed to the sun and 
light, and the ground between the rows is kept cropped with 
small vegetables. 
A fine late crop of raspberries is readily obtained by cutting 
down the canes over the whole stool, in the spring, to within a 
few inches of the ground. They will then shoot up new wood, 
which comes into bearing in August or September. 
We have found a light application of salt given with the 
top-dressing of manure in the spring, to have a most beneficial 
effect on the vigour of the plants, and the size of the fruit. 
A plantation of raspberries will be in perfection at the third 
year, and after it has borne about five or six years, it must be 
broken up, and a new one formed, on another plot of ground. 
All the raspberries except the hardy American varieties 
should be pruned in the fall. After which bend the canes 
gently on the ground, and cover them an inch or two deep 
with earth ; let them remain in the spring until the cold winds 
are over, or until the buds begin to swell, then take them up 
and tie them to stakes or frames. 
Varieties . — The finest raspberries in general cultivation for 
the dessert, are the red and white .Antwerp, Fastollf, Orange, 
Cushing, French and Franconia. 
The common American Red is most esteemed for flavouring 
liqueurs or making brandy, and the American Black is preferred 
by most persons for cooking. The Ever-bearing and the Ohio 
Ever-bearing, are valuable for prolonging the season of this 
fruit till late frosts. 
