694 
THE ORANGE FAMILY. 
fruit, with a thin rind separating very easily from the pulp, 
frequently parting from it of itself, and leaving a partially hol- 
low space. It comes from China, and is called there the Man- 
darin, or noble orange, from its excellent quality. The flesh is 
dark orange coloured, juicy, and very rich. 
The St. Michael’s orange is a small fruit, the skin pale yel- 
low, the rind thin, the pulp often seedless, juicy, and lusciously 
sweet. It is considered the most delicious of all oranges, and 
the tree is a most abundant bearer. 
The Seville, or bitter orange, is the hardiest of all the 
varieties, enduring very hard frosts without injury. It has the 
largest and most fragrant flowers : the pulp, however, is bitter 
and sharp, and is valued chiefly for marmalades. The Double 
Bigarde is a French variety of this species, with fine double 
blossoms. 
The Bergamot orange has small flowers, and pear-shaped 
fruit. The leaves, flowers, and fruit, being peculiarly fragrant, 
it is highly esteemed by the perfumer, and yields the bergamot 
essences. “ The rind, first dried and then moistened, is pressed 
in moulds into small boxes for holding sweetmeats, to which 
it communicates a bergamot flavour.” 
Besides the above, the Fingered , Sweet-sJcinned , P ear-shaped., 
and Ribbed oranges, are the most striking sorts — all chiefly cul 
tivated by curious amateurs. 
II. LEMONS. 
The Lemon ( Limonier , of the French and German ; Limone , 
Italian; Limon , Spanish) has longer, paler leaves than the 
orange, the footstalks of which are naked or wingless ; the 
flowers tinged with red externally, and the fruit is oblong, pale 
yellow, with a swollen point, and usually an acid pulp. Its 
principal use is in making lemonade, punch, and other cooling 
acid drinks. 
Besides the common Lemon, there is an Italian variety, 
called the Sweet Lemon, the pulp of which is sweet and good. 
III. THE LIME. 
The Lime ( Limettier , of the French) differs from the Lemon 
by its smaller, entirely white flowers, and small, roundish, pale 
yellow fruit, with a slight protuberance at the end. The acid, 
though sharp, is scarcely so rich and high as that of the lemon, 
and is used for the same purposes. The green fruit is more 
esteemed than any other for preserving. The Italians cultivate 
a curiously marked variety called Porno d? Adajno, in which 
Adam is said to have left the marks of his teeth. 
