THE RUSSIAN FUR-SEAL ISLANDS. 
51 
From Pagaiii the distance is about the same and the pass to be scaled but 
slightly higher (780 feet), but the ascent is not quite so steep nor nearly so rough, 
and the drive from this hauliug-grouud may be characterized as the least severe at 
this end of the island. 
Tlie seals hauling up west of Pestshani Mys used to have the longest of all the 
driveways on the island and one of the most severe as well. After being driven along 
the beach for some distance they entered the Pestshani Valley, where the river has cut 
down the coast embankment, and then had to climb the first ridge on the east side. 
If the drive was a large one — and in former days drives of 4,000 seals were not rare' — 
it took too long a time to ascend only in one place, so that one i)ortion was driven 
over the ridge where it was otdy about 070 feet high, while the other had to climb at 
^east 900 feet up. On the other side of this ridge was a descent into Pagani Valley, 
then another hill was ascended, and finally a third ridge, 780 feet above the sea, had 
to be climbed before the final descent into the Glinka Valley took place. The length 
of this drive was about 2^- miles, and in warm weather it sometimes took two days 
to finish it. 
This was finally found to be too great a waste of time and energy, and as nime 
salt-house room was required it was decided to drive the seals the shortest way across 
the island, and as there was a good anchorage and a tolerably decent beach for 
landing boats, to bnild a new salt-house there. This is now known as the Pestshani 
salt-house (pi. 58c). 
This change has shortened the drive from the rookeries west of Pestshani Mys 
from 2^ miles to 1^. In addition, there is now only one pass to climb, which my aneroid 
showed to be about 740 feet above the sea. The ascent is not very steep nor is the 
road particularly rough, but the final descent to the salt-house is simply a “slide.” 
On the whole, it is now the easiest of the long drives at Glinka. This, of course, does 
not mean that the drive is an easy one, and only a fraction of all the seals driven (in 
1895 about one-sixth) gets the benefit from it. 
The hiUinfi-groumls are located on the grassy slope near the beach, just north of 
the Pestshani salt-house. The killing-grounds at the Glinka village used to be beyond 
the houses, bnt are now moved to near the beach a few hundred yards north of the 
village. In the latter there are two salt-houses close together. One of these has had 
an addition built to it, so that it is now twice its original capacity (pis. 35, 3(1). 
The map of the Glinka rookeries (pi. 13) is the result of a traverse plane table 
survey made during the few intervals from August 4 to 11, 1895, in which the rookeries 
were free from fog or rain. It was very difficult to find a level locality long enough 
for a suitable base line. After the map was completed, however, I measured off a line 
1,000 feet long on the beach iii front of the village and sighted it in on the map. 
Iliad with me a sketch map which I had drawn from sketches and angles obtained 
in 1883. It was found fairly accurate, especially considering the fact that the fog 
during my visit in 1883 was so perverse that I never obtained a simultaneous sight of 
both sides of the island. 
‘ In 1887 as many as 6,000 seals were taken in one drive at tkis place, according to Dr. Sluuin. 
