SALMON INVESTIGATIONS IN IDAHO IN 1895. 
103 
as tbe iii.iles. The head in liotli sexes is j)ale olive in color. In the small form some individuals, usually 
males, are quite as rod as the large ones, but the small ones are in most cases noticeably darker and 
less red, the head less olive, and the black spots on the l)ack are more nnmerous and better deiined. 
The small form is a nincli trimmer lish in general appearance — the snout is relatively shorter and 
the eye larger. At the breeding season the snout in the males of tbe large form becomes greatly dis- 
torted; in the small males the distortion is not so great; in the large females it is rarely noticeable, 
while no change at all seems to take place in the small females. The constant and uniform difference 
in size of the two forms is a matter of great interest. The individuals of the small form vary but 
slightly in length and scarcely at all in weight. The length is about a foot, never varying more than 
2 inches either way, and the weight is half a pound, with astonishing constancy. Hundreds of individ- 
uals were weighed by ns, and, except near the ejul of the spawning season, the weight was always 
half a i)onud each. It made no difference how many fish we weighed in a bunch, the weight in pounds 
would invariably be half the nniiiber of fish weighed. At tbe beginning of tbe season, when none 
had yet spawned, the weight was usually a trifle strong, while at the end it usually fell a trifle short 
of tbe half pound, the difference being, of course, the loss due to spawning and worn-oft fins. 
The individuals of the large form which were examined at the Idaho lakes vary from 22 to 27 
inches in total length and from 5 to (3 pounds. Spent fish weigh considerably less. In Alaska and 
elsewhere iudividnals of considerably greater weight are frequent. The meaning of this uniform 
diff’erence in size is a matter not easy to ex])lain, unless it be shown that they are really ditiferent 
species. Until further observations are made, it seems useless to offer any explanation. 
Comparative measurements and other data regarding a large number of S2)eciniens of tbe redlish 
are given in tbe following table : 
LARGE FORM. 
Ta*x 
No: 
Length. 
Sex. 
Head. 
Eye. 
Anal 
rays. 
Branchio- 
stegals. 
Height 
of dor- 
sal hi 
head. 
Condition. 
1 
21 
Male 
•14 
7§ 
15 
13+13 L. 
24 
2 
Male. 
7;^ 
14-1 14 L. 
Only a head. 
3 
22 
Female . . . 
H 
5 
e-4 
14 
13+14 
2 
45 
20 
Female . . . 
ii 
54 
G 
14 
134 14 
I7 
Caudal and ventral badly frayed, 
212 
231 
Male 
H 
14 
14 
13 + 13 L. 
spent. 
213 
21 
Male 
4 
6J 
14 
13+ 13 L. 
01 
211 
23 
Male 
34 
4 
7 
14 
15 + 14 L. 
2h 
215 
27 
ii 
5 
7 
14 
13 + 14 L. 
2 
2H) 
25 
!Male 
34 
14 
14+13 L. 
2i 
.SMALL FORM. 
11| 
Male 
3| 
41 
5 
14 
13+14 L. 
2 
Caudal and base of ventral worn, one 
ventral gone, spent. 
11§ 
Male 
31 
4 
14 
13+13 L. 
2 
C., A., I)., and Y. sore, back sore. 
spent. 
12i 
Male 
3j 
14 
12 + 13 L. 
Solid, perfect, very little spent. 
5 
Male 
31 
4 
4h 
13 
14 + 13 L. 
H 
Head bitten, ripe. 
ft 
114 
Male 
31 
W orn . 
13 + 14 L. 
2 
C., A., D., and Y. all badly frayed. 
jaws sore, spent, adipose bn gone. 
1. 
12 
Male 
4 
4J 
5 
14 
13 + 13 L. 
lA 
Solid, no sores; ripe, but nut spent. 
12.1 
Male 
31 
5 
14 
13 + It L. 
Ifo 
Spent. n«> sores; ripe. 
ft 
b( 
lU 
Male 
4 
5 
14 
13 i 14 L. 
2 
D<.)rsal frayed, spent. 
Hi 
Female . . . 
14 
51 
13 
13 + 14 L. 
ij 
Alino.st ripe, solid, perfect. 
124 
Hem ale . . . 
■14 
4^ 
4-i 
14 
13+UL. 
If 
Ripe, solid, perfect; very dark. 
0 
X, 
lU 
Hem ale . . . 
4 i 
4 
13 
13 + 14 L. 
H- 
Scarcely ripe, solid, perfect; very 
ft 
dark. 
lU 
Hemale . . . 
44 
5 
14 
13 + 14 L. 
L|- 
Nearly ripe, solid, perfect; very 
dark. 
Female . . . 
■11 
tg 
4 | 
15 
13 + 12 L. 
1| 
Ripe, solid, perfect. 
Hi 
Female . . . 
4 ^ 
14 
13+14 L. 
li 
Scarcely ripe, solid, perfect. 
F. C. B. 1896—13 
