262 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
One limber-bole is cut on each side of the center keelson. Enlarged floors with 
necessary angle-irons and streugthening xjlates are iirovided for the foundations of 
the engines and boilers. 
Reverse bars : The reverse bars are of angle-iron, 3 by 3 by inches, one on every 
frame extending to the stringer i)Iate and 12 inches above the upi)er tiiru of the 
bilge alternately. There ai-e double reverse bars on all frames under the engines and 
boilers, and also on the line of all keelsons, hold stringers, and bulkheads. Joints are 
covered with angle-iron butt-straps, not less than 18 inches long, with three rivets in 
each end. 
Keelsons: On top of the reverse bars there is a center keelson, 12 by inches, 
beam iron, | inch thick for three-fifths the length amidships, and | inch thick forward 
and aft. On each side, 8 feet 8 inches from the center line, there is a keelson of two 
channel bars, 7^ by 2^- by inches, riveted back to back; and at the bilge on each 
side a keelson of two angle-irons, G by 3J by inches, riveted back to back. The 
bilge keelsons conform to the shape of the floors, and the side keelsons run i^arallel to 
the center line. There is also a cross keelson for the shaft stuffing-boxes. At a 
distance of 4 feet 7 inches from the center line on each side there runs a keelsoji of 
beam iron, 8 by 4^ by inches, riveted to the reverse bars. 
Intercostal Iceelsons: Of these there is one of -i%-inch plate run on the center line, 
and one of i^-inch jilate under each side keelson, extending from keel to top of floors, 
well fitted between floors, and connected with them by an angle-iron 2^ by 24 by 0-j% 
inches. Additional intercostal keelsons are placed under the engines. 
Jteclc beams: For the main deck they are of T bulb-iron, on alternate frames, 
7 by 33 by inches for three-fifths the vessel’s length amidships; forward and aft 
they are 6 by 3| by f inches, except at the capstan and ridiug-bitts forward and 
at hatches, where they are 8 by inches. 
Stringers : The main-deck stringers on each side are 38 inches wide by ^ inch in 
thickness at midlength, reduced to 26 inches width at the end. Stringers are con- 
nected with sheer s brake by angle irons, 4J by 3J hy^g inches, securely riveted to both 
the deck beams and sheer-strake. At the foremast and mainmast there is riveted to 
the deck beams a stringer i^late 42 inches wide and f inch thick, long enough to cover 
two beams forward and aft of the mast, securely riveted to the deck beams: through 
this plate a hole for the mast is cut. Similar tie-plates, covering three or four beams, 
are riveted in wake of bitts, windlass, capstan, hoisting engine, and reeling engine. 
Ties of main (led: are run fore and aft from end to end each side of center line, at 
such distance from it as to clear all hatches. They are of ifiate iron, 15 by ^ inches, 
securely riveted to deck beams and to stringer x^lates or breast hooks at the end ; butts 
closely fitted and butt-straps double riveted. The width of these x)lates is gradually 
reduced to 9 inches forward and aft. 
Hold stringers are 24 inches wide by 4 inch thick at midlength, gradually reduced 
to 18 inches in width at the ends, and are run fore and aft on frames at a height of 
10 feet above toi> of floors, connected to deck beams and reverse bars by angle-irons. 
Alongside of the engines and boilers, where there are no hold-beams, these angle-irons 
are doubled back to back and riveted through. 
Beams of berth declc: Forward and aft of engines and boilers, and between them, 
there are hold-beams of channel-iron, 0 by 24 by inches, spaced to every alternate 
frame, connected and riveted to hold stringers and frames, and kneed to frames the 
same as the main-deck beams. 
