164 
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 
tliat must be paid for the improvidence and total disregard of the conditions necessary 
to maintain supply which has characterized the operations of the salmon tishermen on 
the Coliniibia liiver. 
ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION OF SALMON ON THE COLUMBIA RIVER. 
In 1888 the U. S. Fish Commission, by direction of Congress, established a salmon- 
hatching station on the Clackamas Eiver, Oregon. The work done is given in the 
following table: 
Statement showing the niunber of Quinnat salmon eggs collected and fry distributed from Clackamas Station 
since its organization by the TJ. S. Fish Commission to the close of the fiscal year 1893. 
Fiscal year— 
Eggs collected. 
Eggs 
distributed. 
Fry 
distributed. 
1888 89 
4, 500, 000 
4, 314, 000 
5, 860, 000 
2, 036, 000 
4, 444, 000 
4, 500, 000 
2, 766, 475 
4, 902, 000 
1, 3.32, 100 
4, 100, 000 
1889 90 
1,000,000 
700, 000 
1890-91 
1891 92 
•1892-93 
21, 154, 000 
1, 700, 000 
17, 600, 875 
Note. — The frywere all deposited in the Clackamas liiver. Ihe 1,700,000 eggs were 
furnished to the Oregon fish conimission and the fry produced were deposited in the 
Clackamas River. 
This work was undertaken on the urgent solicitation of those concerned in the 
salmon fisheries of the Columbia Eiver, who realized that their fisheries were being 
exhausted, and it was hoped that some compensation for the deficiency in natural 
reproduction could be made by artificial stocking and breeding. It is certain that 
this work has exercised some conservative inflneiice upon the catch. It is doubtful, 
however, whether it has been on a snfficieutly extensive scale to compensate for the 
damage resulting from the interference with natural reproduction by the operation of 
the fisheries. 
THE FISHING-GROUNDS. 
On the accompanying charts, the locations of the fishing-grounds resorted to by 
the fishermen using different kinds of apparatus are indicated, and the number and 
position of the fixed appliances operated in 1892 are shown. 
The fishing-grounds of the Lower Columbia extend from the mouth of the river to 
Kalama. The apparatus employed consists of gill nets, pound nets, and haul seines. 
The greater number of pound nets are located in Baker Baj^ on the Washington 
side of the river and on the outside of Sand Island. They are not, however, confined 
to this region, but are located at every point of vantage on both sides ot the river, from 
the mouth up to Kalama, a distance of 80 miles. 
The haul seines are located either on the shores or fiats, wherever a desirable 
location can be found. 
The principal region of gill-net fishing extends from the mouth of the river to 
Cathlamet Bay, and covers, practically, the entire river outside of the limits of the 
pound nets. Other important areas of gill-net fishing are in Cordell channel, in the 
channel and back of the islands opposite Pillar Eock and Brookfield, and in the 
long reach of river from Puget Island to Eagle Clift. Minor fishing operations are 
