INVESTIGATIONS IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN. 
187 
extensively used for rafting lumber. It bad a temperature of about August 25. Salmon ascend 
the stream in large numbers to and above Castle Rock. They make their appearance in the fall about 
the first of Septemljer, and are caught by tlie ton at Castle Rock and at numerous xioiuts below. We 
were iufonned that two kinds of salmon are taken, quinnat and the silver salmon. The quiunat makes 
its appearance first, and is, according to reports, obtained in great numbers. We do not know how 
safely one maj'^ rely ux)on the reports of the fishermen, however. 
TonUe jRiver . — Toutle River is a fine, clear stream entering the Cowlitz fiom the east, about 4 
miles above Castle Rock. It was visited by us 2 miles above its mouth. At that point it was 
about 100 feet wide, averaging perhaps 1 to 14 feet deep, and was flowing rapidly over rounded 
bowlders and stones of small size. Its current was ])erha.ps 14 or 2 feet per second. At 11 a. m. the 
temperature was 594°. The stream flows through a very sparsely inhabited country. A few miners 
and a larger number of lumbermen live on its upper course. It flows everywhere through a dense fir 
forest, in which are some deciduous trees. All agree that the salmon ascend this stream yearly in 
large numbers. 
In addition to the investigations which were made in the Columbia River basin, some little work 
was done on streams tributary to Puget Sound, or which flow directly into the Pacific. Drs. Gilbert 
and Jenkins examined Newaukum and Skookumchuck rivers, and in June, 1892, Prof. Evermann spent 
parts of two days examining Lake Washington at Seattle, and the Suoqualmie River in the vicinity 
of Snoqualmie Falls. 
NEWAUKUM EIVER. 
This stream is a small triljutary of Chehalis River, into which it flows near the town of Chehalis. 
It was visited near its mouth August 27. 
SKOOKUMCHUCK RIVER. 
This river rises on the divide near the headwaters of the Newaukum, and, flowing to the north- 
west, empties into an arm of Puget Sound near old Fort Steilacoom. 
The Newaukum and the Skookumchuck are l)oth interesting as having furnished us many 
specimens of young dog salmon. They were found in both of these streams in abundance and were 
evidently the young of the preceding year. 
LAKE WASHINGTON. 
This lake is a magnificent body of fresh water, extending for more than 20 miles north and 
south, just east of Seattle. Some collecting was done here on June 25, 1892. Nothing was found, 
however, except two or three species of Cyprinidce and a number of blobs. 
SNOQUALMIE EIVER. 
This river rises near Yakima and Snoqualmie passes and, flowing westward, joins the Snohomish, 
which in turn flows into the Sound. The Snoqualmie was visited June 26 and 27, 1892, and a small 
collection of fishes ol)tained. At the falls this river was 150 to 200 feet wide and about 6 feet deep, 
entirely too deep for seining, only occasional shallow places being found where the seine could be 
drawn. At Snoqualmie Falls the river descends 268 feet in a single plunge. Trout, however, are 
abundant both above and below the falls. The only other species obtained were a few minnows and 
suckers. Wo were unable to secure any reliable information as to the occuiTence of salmon in Sno- 
qualmie River or in Lake Washington. 
