Sm THOMAS STAMFORD RAFFLES. S.'i 
the higher regions ; the bean is an important article 
of food ; the sugar-cane, of which they reckon 
eight varieties, they use only in its raw state ; coffee, 
pepper, indigo, tobacco, anniseed, cinnamon-seed, 
cubebs, &c., are cultivated, and collected for various 
purposes in diet and medicine. Besides the cocoa- 
nut, and other productions more generally known, 
there are many trees groiving spontaneously, of 
which the seeds and kernels are used as food. 
Wheat and potatoes, with almost every species of 
European vegetable, are cultivated ivith success. 
The true sago of Amhoina and the Eastern Islands 
is found only solitary in a few low and marshy 
situations, and the preparation of it from the pith of 
the tree is not known to the inhabitants of Java, 
who make use of the leaves only for covering their 
houses. 
No region of the earth is better supplied with 
indigenous fruits; the mango, the plantain, the 
guava, the pine-apple, the papow, the custard-apple, 
the pomegranate, and almost every species which 
grows within the tropics, are here found in the 
greatest variety. The tamarind-tree is general ; 
there are also many kinds of oranges, lemons, 
citrons, and in particular the pumple-moos (the 
shaddock of the West Indies'), with various others 
not generally known in Europe, hut well calculated 
for the table. 
A great variety of ornamental trees and shrubs 
have been enumerated which bloom in perpetual 
