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succession throughout the year, and impregnate 
the air with their fragrance. Among the medicinal 
plants, many arc employed in the daily practice of 
the natives, of which a large proportion have not 
been subjects of investigation or experiment by 
Europeans. Different sorts of vegetable substances 
are used in dyeing. Of these the principal is the 
indigo, which is extensively cultivated; and the 
wong-kudu, which affords a lasting scarlet. Ot 
forest-trees, the most valuable is the teak, of which 
there are several varieties, differing in quality ; the 
harder kind is selected for ship-building, the inferior 
is used for domestic purposes. 
Among other useful trees may be noticed the 
soap-tree, the fruit of which is used in washing 
linen; the kasemak, from the bark of which is 
made a varnish for umbrellas; the sampang, the 
resin of which is prepared into a shining varnish for 
the wooden sheaths of daggers ; the cotton-tree, 
whose silky wool is used for stufhng pillows and 
beds ; the wax-tree, whose kernel, by expressure, 
produces an oil that may be burnt in lamps or con- 
verted into candles, and affords an agreeable odour ; 
the bendud, a shrub producing the substance out 
of which India-rubber is prepared; torches are 
made of it for the use of those who search for birds’ 
nests in the rocks, and it serves for winding round 
the stick employed to strike musical instruments, to 
soften the sound. 
Among the vegetable productions of Java, none 
