f)2 KATUKAL HISTORY OF G AIjLINACEOUS BIRDS. 
tinted with blue or green, or they have broad and 
conspicuous patclies of these colours mingled with 
the other shades. The females are invariably of a 
brown or greyish-brown ground tint, barred or waved 
with black. The plumage of the young differs from 
both in being of paler shades, and in the markings 
being more irregular and confused. In the Lago- 
pus or ptarmigan the males are deep brown or yel- 
low, barred with black and a lighter shade ; females 
always of a lighter tint, and the paler markings more 
conspicuous. In winter the change is to pure white, 
having the quills or tail-feathers only dark. Among 
the partridges and quails the difference is not gene- 
rally so great, but there is always some distinguish- 
ing mark, often black or deep brown. The wattles, 
caruncules, and naked spaces, so frequent about the 
heads of the Favonid®, w'e find represented in the 
beautiful scarlet skin above the eyes, and which in 
snring becomes much developed and brightened in 
colour. 
In the arrangement of these birds, Mr Swainson 
has pointed out what he considers may be the typi- 
cal forms, although he thinks that a little examination 
is still necessary. They are Perdix, Tetrao, Cryp- 
tonix, Ortygis, and Crypturus. We shall now pro- 
ceed to examine these, together with the different 
genera which have been established, and shall com- 
mence with 
