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UPLAND WILLOW-OAK. 
Q,üercus cinerea. Q. foliis petiolatis, Icmceolato-ohlongis, acutis, integerri. 
mis, suhtiXs cinereo-pubescentibus ^ cupuU scutellatâ; glande subhemi- 
sphærîca. 
The Upland Willow-Oak is confined to the maritime parts of the South- 
ern States. It is little multiplied in comparison with many other species, 
and is dispersed in small groups in the forests of White Pine. It is found 
also upon the sea-shore, and upon the islands, where it covers tracts of 
several acres, still more barren than the main. But the stocks which grow 
in these different situations are so different in appearance that they might 
easily be mistaken for distinct species : in the pine barrens they are 18 or 
20 feet high, and 4 or 5 inches in diameter, with the leaves entire, 2è 
inches long, and whitish underneath; on the islands and on the shore of 
the continent, where the soil is extremely dry, as near Wilmington, N. C., 
they are only 3 or 4 feet in height, and the leaves are denticulated, are an 
inch in length, and persist for two years. I have ascertained that both 
varieties belong to the same species, by examining the sprouts of the larger 
stocks in the pine barrens, of which the foliage is perfectly similar to that 
of the smaller ones on the shore. 
The Upland Willow-Oak is one of the abject trees that succeed the Pines 
on lands which have been cleared for cultivation and abandoned on 
account of their sterility. In these places, as in the pine barrens, it is 20 
feet in stature, and its trunk, crooked and covered with a thick bark, begins 
at a third of this height to divide by numerous ramifications. In the 
spring it is distinguished at a distance by the reddish colour of its leaves 
and male aments. The acorns, which are contained in shallow cups, are 
round and blackish, with the base of a bright rose colour when freshly 
exposed. It is rare to meet with a tree which yields a quart of fruit. 
The bark of this species, like that of the Black Oak, affords a beautiful 
yellow dye ; but the tree is so small and so little multiplied that it is of no 
utility in this respect, nor even for fuel. 
The Quercus nana of Willdenow is certainly the smaller variety of this 
species. 
PLATE XVI. 
A branch with leaves and fruit of the natural size. Fig. 1 , A leaf of the 
smaller variety of the natural size. 
