COMMON EUROPEAN WALNUT. 
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In some parts of Pennsylvania and Maryland, the Black Walnuts have 
been preserved in clearing the lands : great advantage would be found in 
grafting them with the European Walnut. The limbs should be cut 15 
inches from the trunk, and from the stumps will spring vigorous shoots, 
which the second year may be grafted by inoculation. Fifty or sixty buds 
should be set upon each tree, as is practised near Lyons ; where it is found, 
that by inserting the Walnut of St. John on the common Walnut, the fruit 
is rendered finer, and the crop more certain. Black Walnuts thus grafted 
begin to bear the fifth year. On estates where no Black Walnuts exist, the 
deficiency may be supplied by planting the nuts, and grafting the young 
stocks when they come to the height of 8 or 10 feet. 
It should be observed, that in the Walnut, more than any other tree, it 
is necessary on account of the loose texture of the wood and the large 
volume of the pith, to protect the amputated limbs from the 'weather. A 
covering of clay should be so nicely adapted to the exposed surface, as 
entirely to exclude the rain, otherwise decay will commence, and spread 
itself into the body of the tree. 
In those parts of France, Belgium and Germany, where the Walnut is 
not cultivated for commerce, the trees have generally sprung from the 
seed, which is the cause of the inferiority of their fruit. For it is observed 
that, with a few accidental exceptions, the finest fruits and flowers degen- 
erate in reproduction. This inconvenience would be experienced in the 
United States, and as there do not perhaps exist in that country, south of 
the Hudson river, ten European Walnut trees, I should recommend the 
importation from Bordeaux of young grafted trees, which will soon furnish 
the means to such proprietors as wish to enrich their estates with this useful 
and magnificent tree. 
PLATE XXIX. 
Fig. 1. J1 leaf of half the natural size. Fig. 2. Barren Flowers. Fig. 3, 
Fertile flowers. Fig. 4. A nut in its husk of the natural size. Fig. 5, A 
nut without its husk. Fig. 6. A nut deprived of half the shell to show the 
kernel. 
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* [Since this was written, the European W alnut has been extensively introduced in America, 
but as far north as Philadelphia it does not produce fruit abundantly, except in sheltered situa- 
tions, or when surrounded by hard surface ground.] 
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