28 
MEMOIR OF LE VAILLANT. 
mals, they lie in wait for them also, attack them as 
soon as they appear, and kill them with their poi- 
soned arrows, or with their assagays, a kind of long 
lance, which is generally a feeble and not very dan- 
gerous weapon in their hands. They pay little 
attention to agriculture, and are more addicted to 
pasturage and the rearing of sheep and oxen. 
Another tribe of Southern Africa mentioned by 
M. Le Vaillant are the Gonaquas, which he thinks 
are of a mixed breed between the Cafirs and the 
ordinary Hottentots. Their dress resembles that of 
the latter ; but as they are taller, they make their 
mantles of the skins of calves instead of sheep. 
Several of them wear, hanging from their necks, a 
piece of ivory or very white sheep-bone, and this 
contrast of hue produces a good effect and is very 
becoming. When the weather is hot, the men lay 
aside every part of their dress that is superfluous, 
and retain only what they term their jackals, which 
is a small girdle made of the skin of the animal so 
called, tied round their middle. The women are 
fonder of dress than the men, and employ greater 
care in adorning their persons. They wear a kross 
or mantle like the latter, but the apron which con- 
ceals their sex is larger than that of the Hottentots. 
Girls below the age of nine go entirely naked. 
The two hues for which they show the greatest 
fondness are red and black. The former is com- 
posed of a kind of ochrey earth, which they mix 
and dilute with grease ; it has a strong resemblance 
to brick-dust, or tiles reduced to powder. Their 
