IOWA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES. 
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thoroughly naturalized, as in Amarantus retroflexus, A alhus, A. 
spinosa, Abutilon avicenncE and Sida spinosa. Within the memory 
of the present generation Indian Mallow has been naturalized in 
western Wisconsin; Argemone Mexicana in a comparatively short 
time has found its way into Kansas, Iowa and Illinois; Gardio- 
spermum lialicacabum of the southwest is common opposite St. 
Louis, in Illinois. 
With these annuals, it is only essential that they mature their 
seed; but with perennials they must not only mature their seed, 
but the plants must be able to survive the winter. Those who 
hold that perennials cannot be acclimated will find an exception 
in Solanum CaroUnense. Darlington, in his “Flora Cestrica,” 
makes the statement that it was introduced by the late Hum- 
phrey Marshall into his botanical garden at Marshalltown. 
Beck, in 1883, gave its distributions as Pennsylvnia to Carolina, 
west to Mississippi. In the second edition of Gray’s Manual, 
Connecticut is included; it is also included in the fifth edition, 
and in the ‘ ‘ Synoptical Flora” it is said to occur from Connect- 
icut to Illinois and southward. Dr. Eaton, however, writes me 
that he has not seen it, and there is no record of its occurrence 
in that state except the specimens found by Dr. Robbins. That 
the weed is still spreading in West Virginia is indicated by 
Millspaugh, in Bull. No. 24, Agricultural Experiment Station. 
In 1852 Brendel found it native in Peoria, Illinois. In Iowa and 
Nebraska it is mentioned in the catalogues of Arthur (1876) and 
Aughey (1875), but probably only in this state along the south- 
ern border, at Keokuk west to Fremont county. From 1888- 
1894 it has been reported from central Iowa, Greene and Story, 
northern Fayette, and in numerous places in southern Iowa. 
Evidently the weed has migrated northward from fifty to seventy - 
five miles in twenty years. 
Dry waste places, (Pursh Flora Am., Sept. 1, p. 156.) Florida 
to North Carolina, (Chapman, Flora of the S. U. S., 1860, p. 
849.) Connecticut, Illinois and southward, (Gray’s Manual of 
the Botany of Northern U. S., Second Ed., p. 339.) (Halsted, 
Eastern and Western Weeds, Bull. Torrey, Bot. Club, Vol. XIX, 
No. 2, Feb. 1892, p. 46. Proc. Am. Assn. Adv, of Science, Vol. 
XXXIX, p. 308, August, 1890. Check List of Am. Weeds, No. 
450.) 
Alabama. — Dallas county, (Trelease, 1879.) 
Arkansas. — Bigelow, (Pitcher, Marcy’s Exp., June to Sept., 
1849, between Neosta and Red Pork.) 
