TRIASSIC FLORA OF BALO HILL. 
The equisetaleans, Sckizoneura and Phyllotheca are apparently 
confined to the old Gondwana continent. Thus, PcMzoneura appeared 
in Perniian times in both 8outh Africa and Australia, and persisted 
into the Triassic and Rhaetic in South Africa and Australia (Xew 
South Wales, Queeiisland and Victoria). 
Phyllotheca had a similar and even wider distribution, but still 
over the tract of Gondwanaland. Its habitats in Permian time 
extended from India and Australia to South Africa and South 
America. In the Triassic period it was apparently confined to 
Australia (New South Wales, (fiieensland, Victoria and Tasmania) : 
whilst the Rhaetic occurrence in New Zealand shows a later ]iene 
tration into that area. Although not found in this series, we may 
note that the related Equisetites is known from beds as old as the 
Trias in Europe, the older Permian and Carboniferous records 
being more or less doubtful calamiteans. The appearance of 
Equisetites in the Australian flora as early as the Triassic (Ipswich 
series) shows its universal distribution in the early Mesozoic ; though 
after remaining as a fairly abundant constituent of the southern 
flora until Jurassic times, it seems to have smhlenly retreated to 
Europe, with the exception of the remnants still found living in 
Java, the West Indies and South America (Buenos Aires and C'hili). 
The ferns include Coniopteris (presumably a tree-fern), which 
is a genus known to have lived in Europe during Triassic times ; 
in England, Australia and New Zealand during Jurassic times ; 
and in North America and Greenland, probably, in Cretaceous times; 
Thirmfelclia was a late Gondwanaland development, as it is well 
distributed throughout the Trias and Rhaetic of India, Australia, 
New Zealand, South Africa and South America. In Jurassic times 
it extended its range into Europe, aufl it also doubtfully lived on 
in the North American Cretaceous. 
Ihdike many other Australian types of fossil plants, Taenioptens 
had already established itself in the Euroj)ean and North American 
floras in Upper Carboniferous times, occurring in Erance and in 
Missouri. In the Permian it still flourished in those areas ; per- 
sisting in England, Europe and the Arctic regions, through Jumssic 
times and even into the Wealden. During the Triasso-Rhaetic 
period Taeniopteris was well established in the later Gondwana 
flora in India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa,, China and 
South America. It is a prominent genus in most southern Jurassic 
floras, in which period it suddenly dies (uit, though still })ersisting 
in Europe into the Wealden. 
The only representative of the Cycadales, Phlophyllvm, is anothei' 
well-distributed genus, and appears first in the Southern Hemi- 
sphere, in Queensland, and now in Victoria. In New Zealand it 
is found in later, Jurassic, rocks, similar in its time occurrence in 
1 149 ] 
