96 
IOWA ACADEMY OP SCIENCE Vol. XXIV, 1917 
malian bones, with which the artifacts have been associated in 
this locality have been found in what he designates as “zlutka.” 
(loess). However, his references to the stratum of alluvium 
separating the two so-called loesses, and to a thin layer of sand 
on which a skeleton of the mammoth rested, suggest that we have 
here a deposit similar to that at Podbaba. 
Other references of human remains and artifacts to loess in 
Bohemia are eqully uncertain. Under the aeolian hypothesisa 
of the genesis of loess, the preservation of human bones in the 
loess could not be expected unless artificial burial had taken place, 
for disintegration would have taken place long before natural 
burial by slowly accumulating dust could be accomplished. The 
preservation of artifacts, especially stone implements, would be 
much more possible, but even here the geological evidence that 
such implements have been found in true loess is very unsatis- 
factory or wholly negative for the European stations. 
In some of these cases, our estimate of the age of the remains 
may not be materially affected by the discovery that the deposit 
in which they occurred is not loess, but even in such cases it is 
desirable that the nature of the deposit be accurately determined 
because of the relation which this determination may have on the 
problems relating to the genesis of true loess. Undoubtedly 
both aeolian and aqueous deposition were going on at the same 
time during the several interglacial times, but not in the same 
places. Aqueous deposition of both fine and coarse material was 
evidently going on chiefly along streams, and at comparatively 
low levels, but such deposits are not loess. 
No doubt, much of the confusion concerning the loess of 
Europe has arisen from the various uses of common terms. The 
term ‘ ‘ diluvium ? ’ covers the entire Pleistocene, but in the region 
south of the border of the glacial advance, it applies only to 
lower alluvial deposits and upper loess or loesslike clays, and in 
this region these upper strata have been designated sometimes 
as loess and again simply as diluvium. The terms “lehm” and 
‘ ‘loess” have also been variously used. Sometimes they were 
synonymous, but again the' term “ loess” was applied to the upper 
aeolian deposits and the term “lehm” to the lower fluviatile 
deposits of the diluviufti. The terms “zlutka” and “spras” in 
the rather extensive Bohemian literature on the subject, were 
similarly used, the term “zlutka” corresponding to “lehm” and 
