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IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Vol. XXIV, 1917 
The terms woodland and prairie may be used here to desig- 
nate these two general winter habitats. The prairie habitat 
might very properly be subdivided to distinguish the habitat 
of. the Horned Lark, which requires no shelter, from that of the 
Tree Sparrow, Junco, etc., which do require some low cover. So 
we may distinguish the Field, or Meadow, habitat, and the Fence 
row, or Weed thicket. • 
Some of the woodland birds seem to be confined to the dense 
woods because of their shy and timid natures, while others are 
not so limited by temperament, and will be found among trees 
more sparsely located. There may be some slight distinction 
here in habitat grouping, but I suspect that the chief factor 
would be a temperamental one, and will not attempt to carry 
it out. 
The following listing shows the usual winter habitat of the 
birds of cur list : 
In the Woodland: Chickadee, Downy Woodpecker, Hairy 
Woodpecker, Cardinal, White-breasted Nuthatch, Red-breasted 
Nuthatch, Flicker, Brown Creeper, Bluejay, Golden-crowned 
Kinglet, the Crossbills, the Waxwings. 
In the Fence rows and Weed Thickets: Tree Sparrow, Slate- 
colored Junco, Song Sparrow, Pine Siskin, Redpoll, Goldfinch. 
In the open Field : Prairie Horned Lark, Short-eared Owl. 
The particularly uncommon occurrences for the Sioux City 
territory might be summarized as follows: the flight of Gos- 
hawks, the fall abundance of Red-breasted Nuthatches, and the 
great flocks of Redpolls. In addition the winter records of the 
Golden-crowned Kinglet, Towhee, Carolina Wren, Red Cross- 
bills and large numbers of Cedar Waxwings, are noteworthy. 
That the occurrence of certain species in large numbers was 
not purely a local matter is indicated in the following notes 
communicated by Prof. M. H. Swenk, of the University of Ne- 
braska, at Lincoln: ‘‘The flight of Goshawks reached all over 
Nebraska (I have over a dozen records) as well as parts of 
Kansas, Missouri, Iowa and South Dakota. About New Year’s 
Redpolls were more numerous about Lincoln than I have ever 
seen them before — literally thousands of them in flocks on New 
Year’s day. Red-breasted Nuthatches also have been unusually 
numerous and we have more records for this winter than for 
all years previously. Crossbills and Pine Siskins have been un- 
