AN ANALYSIS OF THE CRANIAL GANGLIA OF 
SQUAWS ACANTHI AS. 
SALLY P. HUGHES. 
■J . ' 
This analysis confirms to a large degree the observations of 
Strong (1903) and Landacre (1916). In Sqitalus acanthias the 
fifth, seventh and eighth nerves arise close together from the 
wall of the medulla and form a complex of roots^ ganglia and 
fiber tracts. Taking them up in order, the gasserian or fifth 
nerve ganglion is seen to be a large hourglass-shaped mass, ex- 
tending out ventro-laterally from the brain wall ; the distal part 
gives rise to the maxillaris V and the proximal part to the super- 
ficial opthalmic Y and the mandilubar Y. The profundus gang- 
lion is entirely distinct from the gasserian. It is in contact 
dorsally with the anterior lateral line ganglion which sweeps 
out in a semicircle laterally, nearly hiding the trigeminal ganglia. 
The fibers of the superficial ophthalmic Y join those of the pro- 
fundus at the ventro-medial edge of the profundus ganglion 
and pass together with them in a compact tract along the dorsal 
edg l e of the gasserian, entering the brain as the first and prob- 
ably the third roots of the fifth nerve. The second root is of 
visceral motor fibers from the mandibular Y, the third is sensory, 
then two small motor roots, followed by the main sensory root of 
the trigeminus, with a few motor fibers running with it. 
The lateral line fibers of the complex are restricted to the 
seventh. There are three lateral line ganglia in this complex — 
one for the superficial ophthalmic, one for the buccalis (these 
two are in contact where the flattened head of the infraorbital 
trunk meets the ophthalmic), and one situated out on the hy- 
omandibular trunk, the external mandibular ganglion. This last 
is a round column of cells which does not affect the shape of 
the nerve trunk. The fibers of the mandibularis externus join 
those of the bueealis to form a large ascending root which arises 
from the lateral line lobe of the brain. The superficial ophthal- 
mic fibers pass through this cauclally, forming the ventral lateral 
line root. 
The VUIth ganglion is closely bounded ventrally by the lat- 
eral line root. It comprises a proximal vestibular portion and a 
