GERMINATION AND JUVENILE FORMS OF SOME OAKS 377 
cotyl appeared. A single stem was produced that soon devel- 
oped lateral branches. The stem was pubescent. The straight 
or slightly curved trichomes have a thick colorless wall and 
brown contents and occur generally singly. The lower leaves 
consist of scales. The upper leaves are larger penni-nerved 
with numerous teeth, with small points, the upper surface darker, 
than the lower; the veins are light colored, prominent, mature 
leaves only slightly pubescent on the upper surface, especially 
on the midrib, lower surface of leaf pubescent with hairs om 
midrib and veins, trichomes .on lower surface of leaf mostly 
occur singly, sometimes two or three in a cluster, long .pointed, 
straight or slightly curved, walls thick, colorless, contents 
Fig 65. — Trichomes of valleyVoak (' Quercus lob at a) ; 1, from stem ; 2, 
from leaf. Drawn by C. M. King. 
brownish, the upper surface of leaf less pubescent than the 
lower. On May tenth these oak seedlings had reached a height 
of eighteen and one-half inches to twenty-two and one-half 
inches, a few smaller. The main root was twenty-four inches 
long. 
George B. Sudworth 10 states that the species is a prolific seeder 
at intervals of about two years ; reproduction exceedingly scanty 
because the tree grows on grass covered pasture or wheat land 
the surface of which is rarely broken when the seed falls. The 
seed germinates readily when well covered with fresh litter or 
soil, but it is seldom so covered by natural means. 
10 Forest Trees of Pacific Slope; IT. S. Dept, of Agr., Forest Service, 19 08. 
