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IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Vol. XXIV, 1917 
the acorns did not germinate at one time. The total germina- 
tion was 65 per cent. In germination the strong hypocotyl 
pushed out from the apical end, soon becoming woody and dark 
in color, showing lenticels, trichomes singly or in some instances 
in groups of two, long pointed, straight or curved, cell walls 
thick, white, cell contents bro wn. The "first leaves scalelike, pu- 
bescent, becoming successively larger, petioles and young leaves 
pubescent on both surfaces, the larger leaves ipenni-nerved, of 
firm texture, margin scalloped with simple hairs, trichomes on 
upper surface and on midrib, thick walled, light colored, long 
pointed, singly or in groups of two or three, cell-walls light col- 
ored, cell contents brown, leaves of lower surface pale in color, 
similar to the upper, pubescent on midrib and veins, also with 
scattered hairs. On May 10 seedlings of the oak were from 
four and one-half to eight inches in height. 
Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.). -4corns from St. Charles, Mis- 
souri, were planted on October 21 and from Ames, Iowa, on 
September 24, in sandy humus covered with sphagnum moss 
and kept moist. Germination did not oeeur until March. They 
did not, however, all germinate at the same time, but continued 
to germinate until April 23. Thirty-nine and four-tenths per 
cent of the St. Charles acorns had germinated. Of the Ames 
material 34.96 per cent germinated. The hypocotyl pushed its 
way out through the apical end, at once producing a strong 
woody hypocotyl, the plumule coming out near the basal part. 
The lower part of the stem is somewhat pubescent. The tri- 
chomes slender, pointed, colorless, simple. 
The scales became successively larger, leaves penni-nerved, 
bright green above, lower surface paler in color, midrib above 
in some cases reddish, in others greenish. Pubescence on mid- 
rib and veins on lower surface sparse, very young leaves pu- 
bescent above and below. The trichomes on lower surface clus- 
tered in groups of generally four or more cells, with stellate 
appearance, usually straight, shorter than in the white oak 
group, pointed, walls colorless, contents of cell brown, 
upper surface with few trichomes. Teeth widely sep- 
arated, each tipped with a prominent bristle. On May 10 the 
seedlings averaged five and one-fourth inches in height. 
Acorns of Q. rubra gathered in the fall and left in the labora- 
tory all winter were placed in damp moss in May. At the close 
