GERMINATION AND JUVENILE FORMS OF SOME OAKS 387 
The strong hypocotyl pushed out from the apical end and 
soon became woody. The plumule emerged near the basal por- 
tion of the hypocotyl. The young stem was covered with yellow- 
ish hairs, trichomes occurring singly or in clusters, or more 
correctly, a group of trichomes formed small cells at the base, 
giving it a stellate appearance, the individual hairs variable in 
length, thick colorless walls and brown contents, the first leaves 
of small pubescent scales, leaves becoming successively larger, 
penni-nerved, pubescent on midrib, veins and scattered, tri- 
chomes of two kinds on lower surface of leaf, the clustered tri- 
chomes with stellate appearance numerous, five or more cells 
with small basal cells; straight or slightly curved, wall thick, 
colorless, the simple trichomes woolly, brownish in color, upper 
surface of leaf similar but less pubescent, the veins conspicuously 
anastomosing, young buds in seedlings conspicuously pubescent, 
Fig. 76. — Trichomes of Quercus imbricaria; 1, from stem; 2, from leaf. 
Drawn by C. M. King. 
wholly unlike the red and shingle oaks. On May 10 these oak 
seedlings were from two to three and one-half inches high. 
Shingle Oak ( Quercus imbricaria Miclix.) . Seeds planted in 
sandy humus, kept moist by placing sphagnum moss on the soil. 
Seeds germinated in March. Produced strong hypocotyl, young 
stem smooth at first and lower leaves scalelike, upper suc- 
cessively larger, elongated penni-nerved margin with a few broad 
dentations ; first leaves not dentate, marginal bristles short, mid- 
rib much more prominent than the lateral, margin wavy smooth, 
upper surface nearly smooth, except a few hairs on midrib, tri- 
chomes occur singly or in fewer cases in groups of two or three, 
long pointed, straight or slightly curved, cell-wall thick, light 
colored, cell contents brown, midrib or lower surface with a few 
scattered hairs. On May 10 this oak seedling was six inches 
in height. 
