DILUTION OF LITHIUM CHLORIDE 
511 
eentration ratios of the ions are calculated from the conductivity 
measurements by the following evident relations. 
° C r _ a N" = A -N 
C cr a N' a’ N' ' { > 
For the undissociated salt, 
C 
C 
(LiCl) 
( LiCl) 
ST ( 1— q ' ) = A °° - A ’ ' 
N' ‘ ( l-fl y ) N' ’A 00 - A ' 
(8) 
where C" and C' represent the concentrations of the appropriate 
ions or molecules, N" and 1ST the salt concentrations, x 00 , x " and 
x ' the equivalent conductivities at infinite dilution and at the 
concentrations N" and N', respectively. 
The free energy of dilution in calories per equivalent is equal 
to Bj, the electromotive force, multiplied by the faraday (96,494 
coulombs) and divided by the joule equivalent of the calorie, 
(4.182). Or, 
E(23073)=Cals. 
MATERIALS AND APPARATUS. 
Water . — The conductivity water was prepared according to 
the method of Jones and Mackay! 1 
Ethyl Alcohol , — Ordinary 95 per cent alcohol was allowed to 
stand over fresh quicklime for three w^eeks ; it was then de- 
canted and distilled. The distillate was allowed to stand over 
anhydrous copper sulphate for one week and then redistilled. 
This distillate was refluxed over metallic calcium for ten hours 
and again distilled. To the last distillate were added a few 
crystals of dry silver nitrate and it w^as refluxed for two hours 
to remove reducing agents. The distillate from this treatment 
was collected and preserved in dry glass-stoppered bottles, be- 
ing protected from the air during distillation by calcium chlor- 
ide tubes. In each distillation a fractionating column was used 
and only that middle portion which passed over between 77.9° 
and 78° (uneorr.) was used. 
Methyl Alcohol . — Kalilbaunvs best grade of alcohol was fur- 
ther purified in the same manner as the ethyl alcohol, except 
that the treatment with quicklime was omitted. Only that frac- 
u Am. Chem. Jour., 19, 83, 1897. 
