DILUTION OF LITHIUM CHLORIDE 
521 
The free energy of dilution is by definition proportional to 
the logarithm of the activity ratio of the ions. Consequently, 
the free energy of dilution is found to decrease as the concen- 
tration of the salt is diminished. Comparing similar cells in the 
different solvents the free energy of dilution decreases as the 
molecular weight of the solvent increases. 
This work is being continued in the higher alcohols. 
SUMMARY. 
The electromotive force of concentration cells containing so- 
lutions of lithium chloride in the solvents, — water, methyl al- 
cohol and ethyl alcohol, have been measured in two combinations, 
viz., one involving transference of ions, the other without trans- 
ference. All of the cells measured contained solutions having a 
noramility ratio of 10 to 1. The electromotive force of cells 
with transference increases with the dilution, while for cells 
without transference it is found to decrease with increasing 
dilution. 
The transport numbers have been determined and it has been 
found that for all three solvents the transport number of the 
lithium ion increases as the concentration of the salt is dimin- 
ished. 
The activity ratio of the ions in two solutions having a nor- 
mality ratio of 10 to 1 decreases as more dilute solutions are 
used. The activity ratios of the ions have been compared with 
the concentration ratios calculated from electrical conductivity. 
The activity ratios are smaller than the concentration ratios in 
all cases, except in the cells containing the more concentrated 
aqueous solutions. 
The effect of solvation and the effect of a possible increase 
in the dielectric constant with increasing concentration of the 
salt have been advanced as possible causes for the increase in 
the activity ratio of the ions. 
The free energy of dilution decreases with increasing dilution 
in each of the three solvents studied. 
The effect of solvent has been studied in connection with the 
transport numbers of the ions, the activity ratios and the free 
energy of dilution. For similar concentrations of solute the 
transport number of the lithium ion is highest in methyl al- 
