441 
above stated exacitly coincide with tho が of " Maserkropf " or ‘ （反 ropf- 
maser " of German author. 
From this, I conclude that the バ chichi 。 of the Ginkgo tree is a 
pathological formation, a pa パ icul;ir form of " M^aserkropf ，， or Kropf- 
raaser ，，； and it nifiy be named hereafter ‘‘ Masercyli 打 der ，， or Cj^linder- 
maser/， 
Development of ぃ MaseT'cylinder’， ov ぃ Cylinder mas &、-，， •— 
As to the formation of (‘M 孔 serho]z，， in general, many authors, as Meyen, 
Goppert, Schacht, Ratzeburg, TidicuL, Dutroc 且 et, Th. Hartig, 
K. 凸 ARTia, PIASTERS ， Frank, Sorauer, ゐん , have described their own 
observations. And, as to the origin of Masei.kropf ", recent authors 
seem to agree in the view that the foi’mation of "Maserkropf" may be 
in some cases, traced back to* an aggregation of buds, and, in others, to 
a simple outgrowth of tissues of the codex formed without the coopera- 
tion of bud ん But the Knowledge of earlier stages of development of 
"Maserkropf" seems to be yet in a 打 imper:fect state. 
In case of Ginkgo, the formation of << Masercylinder ，， or " Cylinder- 
inaser ，’ can be always traced back to either a number of adventitious 
buds or a 。 kurztrieb " and provisional buds developed む om it. 
I may が ate here tlie following four cases of the origin of 
" Masercy]i 打 der バ or " Cyliudermaser — 
1. By the careful study of the num が ous sections passing 
through both the basal ]x>rtion of the '(Masei’cylindei’" grown from 
a lateral branch and that part of the branch む om which the 
"Masei’cylinder" grows, I have always found imbedded in the 
cen か e of the (( Mas が cy じ nd が，， a 。区 urztr ミ eb ，， of many years' 
growth and a number of provisional buds developed む om the 
" Kurz1:rieb ，’ through a number of the annual rings of the 1119 化が 
わ nincli and those of the バ] Mas ので ylinder "• 
2. The " Masercy]inder ，， fbfmed as a secondary growth of 
callus : formation may be always traced back to a number of adven- 
けが 01 IS buds developed in the calliLS. 
3. By the study of the バ Masei’cylinder ’， fbi'med near the i 打が r- 
tion of the gni れ in a grafted Gingko tree, I have found the 台 rst stage 
ot け s development to be the formation of a single adventitious 
bud. ， 
4. In the smaller " Masei’cylinder ’’ ： formed m the root sy が em, 
I have also わ und a stronger adventitious bud れ t the apex and 
