443 
The other pecalia パ ty of this plant is the foramtion of so-called 
" chichi " (ripple), commonly met w パ h in old trees. The imtuna and 
development-history of the '( chichi ’’ have never been investigated. So, 
it would not bo superfluous to give here a brief note of the results of 
my re が arches on this monstrous formation of Ginkgo trees. 
My observations have been made in Tokyo chiefly and also in 
many other di が ricts of Ceritral Japan. 
The, external appearance, and mode of occurrence が " c ん ぇ - 
c たく " (jiipple ) — The so-called い ckichi ，， of the Ginkgo tree is a cylin- 
drical or rather elongated conical body with a round tip, generally 
grown downwards from the underside of a larger branch of the tree: 
and of various sizes. Smaller ones are in l^orm and size じ ke the tip 
of a finger, while the largest ones I have measi け e 过 are 2 ぶ m. i 凸 
length and 30 cm. in diamet が . It grows either single or in clii ながん 
In external characters, it agrees with branches of the tree, except 
that its bark is often cleft into smaller and more i ぴ egular pieces ; 
and it is apparently, in young forms in pa パ icular ， de が ] ’tute of leaf 
systems. Thus the general appearance of the " chichi バ reminds one of 
a nipple, a stalactite, or a large の rial root of some Ficus (PL. VIII.). 
In fact, it takes roots and produces leaf system, when it has grown 
down to the ground. 
むぶ growth is, however, by^no means con 行 tied to above-ground 
portions of the ti'ee ; I have often met with " chichi " formed in the 
subterranean portion of the trunk ; and sometimes it is also formed in 
• . root system. . 
It is more often formed in old trees, in broken hollows of the 
trunk, or at the basal^, portion of s か ong adventitious shoots. Some- 
times it is also formed near the insw’fcion of the gra れ in grafted 
Ginkgo trees. In many cases, its development acco 打 ： ipanies callus 
formation. 
When its tip comes, dm.iiig its growth, in contact with some, other 
strong so じ d body, suck as a branch or a portion of the trank of the 
t が e, the direction of its grow り i is turned away む 01 n the object ; and 
when it passes over the object, it resumes its downward course. Ir! 
this respect, it apparently behaves like the primary root of any plant. 
Anatomiced considerations In the cross secition of a ‘ （ chichi" 
of many years’ growth, we find a number of annual rings as ip a stem 
or a root. But those nearest the margin are comparatively thin, while, 
