Table 1. -- Strength properties of sen compared with American 
elm and commercial white ash— 
Sen 
American 
elm 
Commercial 
white ash 
Moisture content percent 
Spec if ic gravity 
Static bending 
Fiber stress at elastic limit 
Modulus of rupture 
Modulus of elasticity 
Work to proportional limit . . . 
Work to maximum load 
p.s ,i, 
p.s .i, 
. . .1,000 p.s.i, 
in.-lb./cu. in, 
in.-lb./cu. in, 
Impact bending 
Height of drop causing complete failure 
( 50-pound hammer ) In , 
Compression parallel to grain 
Fiber stress at proportional limit p.s.i, 
Maximum crushing strength p.s.i, 
Compression perpendicular to grain 
Fiber stress at proportional limit p.s.i 
Shear parallel to grain 
Maximum shearing strength p.s.i 
Hardness 
End lb . 
Side lb. 
12 
6,86o 
10,560 
1,430 
1.92 
9.2 
26 
4,310 
6,330 
760 
660 
800 
610 
12 
0.50 
7,600 
11,800 
1,340 
2.53 
13.0 
39 
4,030 
5,520 
850 
1,510 
1,110 
830 
12 
O.58 
8,900 
14, 600 
1,680 
2.68 
15.6 
40 
5,580 
7,280 
1,510 
1,920 
1,680 
1,260 
—Bruce, H. D., Cockrell, R. A., and Cummings, L. J. Properties and Uses of 
Commercially Important Japanese Woods. Natural Resources Section, General 
Headquarters, SCAP, Report No. 147, October 1951. 
Rept. No. 1979 
