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the land is under cultivation, the common honeybee is the only insect 
to rely upon . They are the only pollenizer under the control of man. 
Murneek, A. E. 
1937. Pollination and fruit setting. Mo. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 379, 
28 pp. 
p. 13: Of the various kinds of insects that visit flowers 
early in the spring, the common honeybee is by far in the majority. 
Moreover, it has been demonstrated in a convincing way that bees 
are of great value in pollination of apples, pears, cherries, plums 
and many other fruits. This is particularly true in sections wher e 
most of the ground has been put un d er cu Itivation with very little 
waste land left to harbor wild insects . 
Phillips, E. F. 
1933. Insects collected on apple blossoms in western New York. Jour. 
Agr. Res. 46: 851-862. 
p. 861: It seems probable that the s carcity of wild insects 
on apple bl ossoms is due to a combination of factors incident to 
agricultur e of the fruit districts. The relatively high land v alues 
t end t o reduce waste land and wood lets and als o ten d to eliminate th e 
wid a fence r o ws which are favored nesting places for some species . 
Cultivation reduces ne sting a nd h iberna ting places, especially of sol- 
i tary bee s. Clean c ultivation of or c hards, w her e practiced, still fu r- 
ther reduces the opportunities for the propaga t ion of wild bees . It is 
possible that the efforts of fruit growers to control injurious insects 
in some degree serves to destroy individuals of those species which are 
beneficial. Beekeepers have observed that dusting destroys many honey- 
bees, and it is probably equally disastrous to solitary bees. 
Tysdal, H. M. 
1340. Is tripping necessary for seed setting in alfalfa? Amer. Soc . 
Agron. Jour. 32: 570-585. 
p. 583: The most effective pollinators in this study have 
been Megachile and Nomia bees, several species of which have been 
observed working on alfalfa. Other conditions being favorable, it 
would appear that one of the most effective means of insuring a seed 
crop of alfalfa would be a supply of these small, relatively harmless, 
hard-working insects. It should, therefore, be sound agronomic prac- 
tice to encourage their presence in an alfalfa seed field. The writer 
has talk ed with alfal fa s eed g rowers who have plowed through a l arge 
c olony of these b ees, whi ch oft en mak e their home in the gro up 3 
in so me instances it has been known that such practices have destroyed 
the entire colony, or at least causod it to move . 
p. 584: Entomologists who have observed the alfalfa pollinating 
insect population in Nebraska for many years unhesitatingly state 
