- 9 - 
cannot be considered an important factor in apple pollination. Ther e 
is cons ble testimony to the effect t h at the bumble bee population 
;clined in t years . F ormerly, it i s said that they v 
commo n in m ore or less damp meadows where hand mowing had to be re- 
so rted to, but are now much less frequently found, especially in the 
Valley proper . Whether this is actually the case, and whether, if 
true, it is due to limitation of breeding places, poisoning, or some 
other factor, cannot now be determined. 
p. 96: Without pui u ng this subject further, it may be pointed 
out that roadside banks, pastures and dykes do not represent exactly 
wild conditions, but are the product of human activity. However, 
neither are such locations intensively cultivated. Cu ltivated land 
certa i n soil t ypes, such as light sand or gravel, are not suited to 
i, n fi> which is o ne reason ...that r t he soli tary bees are more numero us 
:\ a nd along the North M o untain, than the y 
are at many points situated in the middle of the Valley.. 
p . 108: In 193?! tho numb er was l ess, corr esponding to an ap- 
pare nt decreas e in th e, s olitary, bee._faung,_ from al l stations . This ob- 
servation may be correlated with a heavy mortality occurring among 
the solitary bees in the summer of 1931, apparently due to drowning in 
the nests following wet weather . 
Hutson, R. 
1926. Relation of the honeybee to fruit pollination in New Jersey. 
N.J. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 434, 32 pp. 
pp. 10-12: The difference in the number of insects present 
in the cultivated Triangle plot . . . practically surrounded by tilled 
land, and in the cultivated Starr planting situated beside overgr 
land is quite marked. 
Family Triangle Starr 
Chironomidae — midges 27 121 
Bombidae — bumblebees 4 31 
Syrphidae — syrphus flies 25 67 
Scarabaeidae — beetles — 4 
p. 27: It has been generally demonstrated that insects, es- 
pecially honeybees, are factors in the set of fruit. 
Another factor is the comparatively high state of cultivation 
obtaining in the orcharding districts, which destroys hibernating 
places. The conditions do not obtain in the cranberry bogs which are 
surrounded by overgrown land, as cranberries do not bloom until July, 
giving ample time for breeding. 
