HALLOCK CODE. 19 
toiT game bird is in danger of extinction and its killing and sale have 
been prohi])ited in two or more States hing south of the Province, one 
being New York. Pennsylania. or Michigan, the Lieutenant-Governor- 
in-Council may extend the same protection to Ontario for the same 
period during which the bird is protected in such States (see p. 1J4). 
The need of greater uniformity, particularly in seasons, has long 
]>een recognized, and the success which has attended the etiorts in this 
direction during the present year gives new importance to the sugges- 
tions made a few years ago in an outline of coopei*ative game legisla- 
tion known as the Hallock Code. 
A STEP TOWARD UNIFORMITY— THE HALLOCK CODE. 
In an address before the National Game, Bird, and Fish Protective 
Association^ in 1897 Mr. Charles Hallock advocated a code of cooj^era- 
tive legislation, in accordance with which the United States was to be 
divided into three 'concessions,*^ in each of which the laws were to 
be a.s uniform as possi])le. the o^^en seasons identical, and protection 
was to })e accorded to insectivorous birds, l)ut withheld from a few 
species considered injurious. 
The feature of special interest in this connection is the simple 
manner in which the States were grouped together. The three con- 
cessions were named Northern, Southern, and Pacific, and as origi- 
nally proposed were limited as follows: All the region west of the 
crest of the Kocky Mountains was included in the Pacific while all that 
east of this range was divided at latitude 36° 30' into a Northern and 
a Southern concession. This division, however, had the disadvantage 
of cutting through Colorado and New ^lexico, thus giving each a 
double set of laws. Moreover, the Pacific concession extended from 
Puget Sound to the Mexican l^oundary and embraced wide extremes 
of climate. The scheme has therefore been slightly modified, for 
present purposes, by extending the Northern concession over the 
whole of Colorado and allowing the Southern to include not only all of 
New Mexico, but also Arizona (see PI. III). This places all the region 
south of latitude 36° 30' (except part of southern California) in one 
division. All the States east of the Rocky Mountains with these excep- 
tions belong to the Northern or Southern concessions, while California, 
Idaho, Nevada, Oregon. Utah, and Washington form the Pacific. For 
a simple division this seems to meet all requirements fairly well, and 
while it may not be practicable to secure identical laws in all the 
States in each group, a strong effort should at least be made to have 
the close seasons correspond as nearh^ as possible. 
nVesterii Field and Stream, Vol. I, pp. 232-234, 1897. 
^ Called ' concession ' because based on compromise and reciprocity. 
