16 DIGEST OF GAME LAWS F(>K 1901. 
rosidonts to ohtain licoiisos, jind Oregon now license.s nonresident 
niaikct himtcis. All tlic Northern States from the Alleghenies to 
the Pacilic with thi-ee exceptions now recjuire nonresident hunters to 
seeiire licenses at a cost of ^lO to ^40. (See ])p. 4()-41>.) 
PiM-haj)s the most h<)i)eful si((n of the times is the general recogni- 
tion of the princi])lc that game preservation is a national rather than 
a local (jucstion. The progi'ess made in many States is the outcome 
of well-directed efforts toward the attainment of a common definite 
ol)jccl, rather than the passage of purely local measures. Organized 
(^ifort has accomplished more this year than ever before. The Amer- 
ican Ornithologists' Union, interested especially in th(* preservation of 
nongame birds, has secured the enactment of a practically uniform 
law in eight States and the District of Columbia, and incidentally the 
adoption of a uniform definition of game birds. The League of 
American Sportsmen has given attention especially to securing better 
protection for big ganu^ and wild turke3's, and its efforts have contrib- 
uted to the passage of bills providing a close season of three to ten 
years for antelope in six States, for elk in five States, and foi' moun- 
tain sheep and wild turkeys in two States. It has supported the prin- 
ciple advocated by several leading sportsmen's journals that protection 
can best i)e secured by restricting the sale of game jind limiting the 
amount of a day's or season's bag. The influence thus exerted, com- 
bined with the aid of various other game organizations, was largely 
instrumental in securing the passage of numerous laws em])odying 
these features. The sale of all kinds of game has been prohibited 
by three States, and that of certain species by seven others. As a 
result of efforts in this direction, three kinds of game — antelope, elk, 
and prairie chickens — have been practicall\ removed from the markets, 
except in States where their killing is still permitted. (See pp. <iS, 54.) 
Among the novel features of h^gislation may be mertioned a unique 
statute enacted in Maine to prevent criminal carelessness in hunting, 
with a view to decreasing the deplorable accidents wliicli have occurred 
with such unnecessary frequenc}' in the past few years. This law pro- 
vides that "Whoever while on a hunting trip, or in pursuit of wild 
game or game birds, negligently or carelessly shoots and wounds or 
kills any human being shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding 
ten years or l)y tine not exceeding ^1,00(1.''^ Other new features 
include th<' recpiirement of Nevada that the game laws shall be read in 
the public schools at least twice during each year; various measures rel- 
ative to gauK* introduction: and provisions for establishing game pre- 
serves. Maine has adopttnl the precaution of recjuiring persons who 
wish to im])()rt live animals or birds to first secure a permit from the 
State authorities, in order that undesirable species may be prevented 
'I*ublic Laws liH)l, dm]). 2(i3. 
