MEMOIR OP ARISTOTLE. 
89 
suasion; and although he lays dotvn excellent rules 
for the structure of sentences, and the skilful use of 
ornaments in Btyle, he cautions the orator to consi- 
der them as subordinate to the proper business of 
his profession. He dissuades him from imitating 
the practice, then too common, of appealing to the 
passions of the hearers, rather than to their judg- 
ment and understanding ; but he recommends him 
to study every variety of human character, and to 
avail himself of the moral feelings, and even of the 
natural prejudices, of his auditory. His division of 
the art is threefold, according to the different occa- 
sions on which it was employed among the Greeks : 
1. The deliberative; or its use in political debates. 
2. The judicial; or its nse in popular assemblies, as 
those of Athens, in which the people collectively 
exercised the judicial functions. 3. The demonstra- 
tive; or its use in panegyric and invective, where 
the orator had only to gratify his hearers by a dis- 
play of eloquence. In these several heads of in- 
quiry, he has given an admirable analysis of the mo- 
tives by which mankind at large are commonly ac- 
tuated in their conduct and opinions. All the wind- 
ings and recesses of the human heart he has ex- 
plored ; all its caprices and affections ; whatever tends 
to excite, to irritate, to amuse, or to gratify it, have 
been carefully examined ; the reason of these pheno- 
mena is demonstrated, and the method of creating 
them is explained. Nothing, in short, has been left 
untouched, on which Rhetoric, in all its branches, 
