DR. ST ANGER’S GEOLOGICAL REPORT 
TO THE 
AFRICAN CIVILIZATION SOCIETY. 
In the following noteS; scanty in consequence of the unfortunate 
circumstances under which the country was visited, I beg leave 
to communicate to the Society, the geological phenomena which 
came under my notice, during the exploration of 340 miles of 
the river Niger, from the mouth of the Nun branch of that river 
to Egga. 
The Delta, a flat tract, composed of clay and sand, in some 
places containing mica and much vegetable matter, extends 120 
miles up to Eboe. The banks in this part are elevated only a 
few feet above the level of the river, and the country in the 
interior is swampy. Within the reach of the tidal waters, 
mangrove trees abound and a few palms, but beyond this point, 
the surface is covered with dense forests of the Bombax, and other 
large trees. From the mineral character of the soil of this part, 
I prognosticated granite would be found in the upper part of the 
river. 
From Eboe to Iddah, a distance of 100 miles, thei*© is a 
gradual rise of country, and the land is higher on the sides of 
the river, but still very swampy, and the soil of the same character 
as in the Delta. There are no hard rocks in this part of the 
country, the cliffs of Iddah being the first which occur. These 
cliffs are 185 feet high, (barometrical measurement,) and are com- 
posed of sandstone, the strata of which are for the most part 
horizontal, but occasionally dip at an angle of 3° S.E.* 
* Along the west coast of Africa, at Accra, and perhaps Sierra 
Leone and Monrovia, is a sandstone of the same character, which at 
Accra is horizontally stratified, and may possibly he connected with 
the same rock as that observed on the banks of the Niger, 
