8 
WILLIS : HISTORY OF THE 
appointment relieved the Director of most of the routine 
garden work, leaving him free to devote more time to the 
work on the Ceylon Flora and to the introduction of new and 
useful plants. In 1857 Thwaites obtained the assistance of 
Dr. (now Sir) J. D. Hooker in the production of his proposed 
Flora of the Island, and in the following y ear the first part of 
it appeared, under the title of Enumeratio Plantarum Zey- 
laniæ,” The work was completed in 1864, and contains the 
descriptions of many new species, as well as notes on habitat, 
uses, native names, &c. Thwaites at the same time issued 
large sets of dried specimens of Ceylon plants (“ C. P. ” sets), 
and with the proceeds of the sale of some of these added 
many important works to the garden library. 
In 1860 the site of the Hakgala Garden was selected by 
Thwaites for the reception of the cinchona plants brought 
from Peru by Sir Clements Markham, and was placed in 
charge of Mr. MacNicoll. The garden lies on the side of Hak- 
gala mountain at an elevation of about 5,600 fieet, in a cool, 
temperate climate, with a mean annual temperature of 61°, 
and rainfall of 91 inches, distributed over the year in 
a similar way to that at Peradeniya. An area of about 550 
acres of land was reserved for the garden ; most of this is still 
covered with jungle or grass (patana). Here the cinchonas 
were soon established, and in a few years large numbers of 
plants were ready for distribution. At first planters were 
disinclined to try the new industry, but a few years later, 
as coffee ceased to do well, cinchona was very largely taken 
up, finally becoming for some years the staple industry of 
the Colony, and bridging over the period between coffee and 
tea. The gardens began to distribute seed of the latter about 
1864, but for many years previously Thwaites had called 
attention to it in vain. In 1868 the new building of the 
herbarium was opened, and the library and herbarium 
moved into it from the Director’s house (the present Museum). 
In the report for 1871 appears the first mention of the 
coffee leaf disease, Hemileia vastatrix, and in all succeeding 
