OF CEYLON AND INDIA, 
275 
them to the air, and he deals with the morpholog 3 ^ of the 
forms found him ; this work was continued by his 
pupil Wächter (41), who has described Weddellina in 
detail. The only other recent paper dealing with any of . 
the family in full detail is that of Möller (30) on the newly 
discovered Javanese species Cladopus Nymani ; his account 
is criticised and amended in Warming’s sixth paper already 
quoted. 
The special literature of the Asiatic forms has been already 
dealt with in detail in my first paper, and from the morpho- 
logical point of view mention need only be made -of the 
work of Griffith (15-17), in which man^^ interesting observa- 
tions may be found scattered in various places, and of 
Gardner, who described man^" of the Ceylon and South 
Indian forms for the first time, and also gave a very interest- 
ing account of the order, with which he had also worked in 
Brazil. 
GENERAL CONDITIONS OF LIFE, 
Hahitat . — So far as is yet known, all Podostemaceæ live in 
rapidly moving water, usually in verj^ rapid or even broken 
water, such as is found in the rapids and waterfalls of 
mountain streams. They are only found attached to rocks 
as a rule, but occasionally may be seen growing upon logs of 
wood or other objects which have become firmly wedged in 
the rocks. Each species appears to affect a particular class 
of habitat, probably chiefiy determined by the speed, depth, 
and degree of brokenness of the water, and the species do not 
intermingle very much, as will be more fully described 
under each. A description of the chief locality at which I 
have studied these plants will thus serve in general as a 
description of the usual habitat of the plants of the order. 
All but one of the Ceylon species as 3 ^et known occur 
abundantly at a place called Hakinda, on the Mahaweli- 
ganga, at the extreme north-east boundary" of the Experi- 
ment Station at Peradeniya, and about a mile from the 
Botanic Garden, at an elevation of about 1,500 feet above 
(38) 
